本文描述了反渗透（RO）系统的资本成本如何变化到三倍或三倍以上 时间和运营成本高达两倍，具体取决于现场的具体因素。为了量化特定场地因素的成本效应，本文提出了“参考设计”。 然后，可以将这些因素导致的成本变化与项目的成本进行比较，从而确定成本变化 参考案例。影响因素包括:水源水质的技术基础、回收率、膜操作压力、电耗、前处理和后处理要求、原水混合；成本中包含的组成部分；资本和运营成本的经济基础；因现场特定因素引起的成本变化，如列车数量、能源、水源水质、原水混合；以及辅助设备。 包括桌子。

This paper describes how the capital costs for reverse osmosis (RO) systems can vary as much, or more than, three times and the operating costs as much as two times, dependent upon the site-specific factors. In order to quantify the cost effects of site-specific factors, the paper proposes a "reference design". Cost variation due to these factors can then be determined when compared with the costs for the reference case. The factors include: technical basis of source water quality, recovery factor, membrane operating pressure, electrical consumption, pretreatment and post-treatment requirements, raw water blending; components included in the costs; economic basis for capital and operating costs; cost changes due to site specific factors such as number of trains, energy, source water quality, blending of raw water; and, auxiliary equipment. Includes tables.