1.1 本规程描述了确定承压含水层中生产井水力效率的分析程序。它涉及将井内的实际降深与可实现的理论最小降深进行比较，并基于从恒定速率抽水试验中获得的数据和含水层系数。 1.2 本分析规程与现场程序、试验方法结合使用 D4050 . 1.3 除非下文另有说明，否则以英寸-磅为单位的数值应视为标准值。括号中给出的值是到国际单位制的数学转换，仅供参考，不被视为标准值。以英寸磅以外的单位报告结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.3.1 在处理英寸磅单位时，使用英寸磅单位的重力系统。在这个系统中，磅（lbf）表示力（重量）的单位，而质量的单位是段塞。 1.4 限制- 确定油井效率的技术的局限性主要与现场情况和该实践的简化假设之间的对应关系有关。 1.5 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中制定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 ，除非被本标准取代。 1.5.1 本标准中用于规定如何收集/记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告日期的有效数字，以与这些考虑相称。考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.6 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非实践的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 这种做法允许用户通过恒定速率抽水现场试验计算承压含水层中抽水井的真实水力效率。所述程序是确定油井效率的唯一有效方法。一些从业者将油井效率与层流相关的水头损失百分比相混淆，层流是一个通常通过阶跃下降测试确定的参数。然而，井效率不能通过阶跃压降测试确定，只能通过恒速测试确定。 5.2 假设: 5.2.1 以恒定速率控制油井排放， Q . 5.2. 2. 控制井的直径非常小。 5.2.3 数据来自控制井和多个观察井（如可用）。 5.2.4 含水层是封闭的、均质的和广泛的。含水层可能是各向异性的，如果是这样，最大和最小导水率的方向分别是水平和垂直的。 5.2.5 油井排放仅来自含水层中的蓄水。 5.3 计算要求- 对于部分穿透井的特殊情况，这种做法的应用可能需要大量计算。函数 f s 如所示 等式6 应使用任意输入参数进行评估。使用现有的、有点有限的值表进行 f s 而且，由于这个等式相当强大，可能无法手动处理。因此，假设使用本实践的从业者将有一个计算机程序来评估功能 f s . 这可以通过使用商用数学软件（包括一些电子表格应用程序）来实现。 如果正在计算 f s 不可行，建议用Kozeny方程代替之前描述的Hantush方程。 注1: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。 注2: 商用软件可用于该实践的计算、绘图、绘图和分析。用户负责验证软件的公式、图形、绘图和分析的正确性。

1.1 This practice describes an analytical procedure for determining the hydraulic efficiency of a production well in a confined aquifer. It involves comparing the actual drawdown in the well to the theoretical minimum drawdown achievable and is based upon data and aquifer coefficients obtained from a constant rate pumping test. 1.2 This analytical practice is used in conjunction with the field procedure, Test Method D4050 . 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The reporting of results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. 1.4 Limitations— The limitations of the technique for determination of well efficiency are related primarily to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this practice. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and round established in Practice D6026 , unless superseded by this standard. 1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported date to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis method for engineering design. 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This practice allows the user to compute the true hydraulic efficiency of a pumped well in a confined aquifer from a constant rate pumping field test. The procedures described constitute the only valid method of determining well efficiency. Some practitioners have confused well efficiency with percentage of head loss associated with laminar flow, a parameter commonly determined from a step-drawdown test. Well efficiency, however, cannot be determined from a step-drawdown test but only can be determined from a constant rate test. 5.2 Assumptions: 5.2.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q . 5.2.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter. 5.2.3 Data are obtained from the control well and, if available, a number of observation wells. 5.2.4 The aquifer is confined, homogeneous, and extensive. The aquifer may be anisotropic, and if so, the directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity are horizontal and vertical, respectively. 5.2.5 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer. 5.3 Calculation Requirements— For the special case of partially penetrating wells, application of this practice may be computationally intensive. The function f s shown in Eq 6 should be evaluated using arbitrary input parameters. It is not practical to use existing, somewhat limited, tables of values for f s and, because this equation is rather formidable, it may not be tractable by hand. Because of this, it is assumed the practitioner using this practice will have available a computerized procedure for evaluating the function f s . This can be accomplished using commercially available mathematical software including some spreadsheet applications. If calculating f s is not practical, it is recommended to substitute the Kozeny equation for the Hantush equation as previously described. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Note 2: Commercially available software is available for the calculating, graphing, plotting, and analyses of this practice. The user is responsible for verifying the correctness of the formulas, graphs, plots and analyses of the software.