超滤（UF）和微滤（MF）膜工艺用于处理二级和/或三级处理后的废水，以达到再利用的目的，在美国和世界范围内得到越来越广泛的应用。这是由于新鲜饮用水供应的持续枯竭，以及与再生水生产相关的法规和指南的制定。膜工艺提供了满足这些要求的有效方法，因为它们能够通过尺寸排除去除固体和微生物污染物，包括病毒。 此外，与传统的废水回收工艺相比，该技术需要小的占地面积和最少的化学添加剂。UF/MF膜工艺的性能会受到操作条件和给水特性的影响。控制膜性能的几个关键操作条件包括操作流量、反洗频率和预处理过程，如混凝。此外，由于给水中存在大量固体、有机和微生物污染物，膜污染会显著降低UF/MF的生产率。 这些条件的优化对于实现水回收所需的生产率和过滤水质量至关重要。本研究的主要目的是评估在三级处理废水回收过程中，各种操作条件对毛细管纤维超滤膜性能的影响。具体而言，使用小型UFO系统进行了一系列中试实验，以研究操作流量、反洗频率和在线混凝预处理对膜生产力和去除效率的影响。 因此，通过监测水的温度校正传质系数（MTC）与过滤时间的关系来评估膜生产率。通过测量不同操作条件下固体（浊度和颗粒计数）、有机物（UV254和TOC）和微生物（总大肠菌群和异养平板计数）的进料和滤液浓度，评估UF系统的截留能力。根据中试数据，阐明了三元废水超滤过程中生产率下降和污染物去除的基本机理，为今后的工艺优化提供了依据。 包括27个参考文献、表格和图表。

The application of ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) membrane processes to treatsecondary and/or tertiary treated wastewater for reuse purposes is gaining popularity in theUnited States and the world today. This is a result of the continuing depletion of fresh drinking watersupplies and the development of regulations and guidelines associated with reclaimed waterproduction. Membrane processes provide an effectivemeans of meeting these demands because of their ability to remove solids as well as microbialcontaminants including viruses by size exclusion. Inaddition, this technology requires small footprints and minimal chemical addition, in comparisonwith conventional wastewater reclamation processes.The performance of UF/MF membrane processes can be affected by operating conditions andfeed water characteristics. Several key operational conditions that control membraneperformance include operating flux, backwash frequency, and pretreatment processes, such as coagulation. Furthermore, UF/MF productivity can be significantlydeteriorated by membrane fouling, which results from the mass loading of solid, organic andmicrobial contaminants present in the feed water. The optimization of suchconditions is essential to achieving the productivity and filtrate water quality necessary for waterreclamation. The main intent of this study was to assess the effect of various operating conditions on theperformance of capillary fiber UF membranes during the reclamation of tertiary treatedwastewater. Specifically, a series of pilot experiments were conducted using a small-scale UFsystem to investigate the effect of operating flux, backwash frequency, and in-line coagulationpretreatment on membrane productivity and removal efficiency. Accordingly, membraneproductivity was assessed by monitoring the temperature corrected mass transfer coefficient(MTC) of water with respect to filtration time. The rejection capability of the UF system wasevaluated by measuring the feed and filtrate concentrations of solid (turbidity and particlecounts), organic (UV254 and TOC), and microbial (total coliform and heterotrophic plate counts)parameters under varying operating conditions. Based on pilot experimental data, fundamentalmechanisms of productivity decline and contaminant removal during ultrafiltration of tertiarywastewater were delineated for future process optimization. Includes 27 references, tables, figures.