1.1 可持续性有三个一般原则:环境、经济和社会。本指南涵盖了建筑环境可持续性一般原则的基本概念和相关特征的应用。 1.2 本指南确定了与追求可持续性的决策过程相关的一般方法。 1.3 本指南中确定的一般原则适用于建筑环境中设计和施工的所有生命周期阶段。 1.4 根据可持续性的一般原则，有各种工具和标准对建筑环境的影响进行鉴定和量化。重新创建或更换这些工具不在本标准的范围内。 1.5 本指南没有就一般原则的具体实施提供指导；它也没有为实现竞争目标之间的平衡所需的原则的具体权重提供指导。 1.6 应用本指南中的原则需要专业判断。 此类判断应根据与用途、类型、规模和位置相适应的环境、经济和社会问题的经验进行。 1.7 本指南提供了有组织的信息收集或一系列选项，但不建议采取具体行动。这份文件不能取代教育、经验或社区对话。并非本指南的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准并不代表或取代必须判断给定专业服务是否充分的护理标准，也不应在不考虑项目许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 建筑环境具有环境、经济和社会影响。这些影响以多种方式发生在所有生命周期阶段，并在地方、区域和全球范围内发生。必须了解这些影响的性质及其与可持续性一般原则的关系，以应对它们带来的机遇和挑战。 4.1.1 有必要确定环境影响，以促进积极的一面，减轻消极的一面。 4.1.2 有必要量化经济影响，以提高生命周期成本和效益。 4.1.3 有必要确定社会影响，以便为今世后代的积极生活质量做出贡献。 4.2 可持续性的一般原则——环境、经济和社会——是相互关联的。建立在任何原则的机遇和挑战基础上的决策将对所有原则产生影响。然而，为了便于阐明一般原则，在第节中对其进行了单独讨论 5. . 4.3 可持续性一般原则的实际应用取决于平衡环境、经济和社会影响，并致力于持续改进。部分 6. 讨论了在追求可持续性的过程中对环境、经济和社会影响的平衡。 4.4 本指南概述了可持续性，因为它适用于建筑环境。本指南提供了一般性指导，但没有规定具体的行动方案。 4.5 本指南旨在为与建筑行业相关的专业人士提供信息。 4.5.1 本指南中确定的一般原则旨在帮助用户做出促进可持续性的决策。 4.5.2 本指南中确定的一般原则旨在为工具和标准的开发和完善提供信息，以确定和量化建筑环境的影响。

1.1 There are three general principles of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. This guide covers application of the fundamental concepts and associated characteristics for each of the general principles of sustainability to the built environment. 1.2 This guide identifies general methodologies associated with the decision-making process used in pursuing sustainability. 1.3 The general principles identified in this guide are applicable to all life-cycle stages of design and construction within the built environment. 1.4 A variety of tools and standards exist that qualify and quantify impacts of the built environment in terms of the general principles of sustainability. It is not within the scope of this standard to recreate or replace these tools. 1.5 This guide does not provide direction as to the specific implementation of the general principles; nor does it provide direction as to the specific weighting of principles necessary for achieving balance between competing goals. 1.6 Applying the principles in this guide will require professional judgment. Such judgment should be informed by experience with environmental, economic, and social issues as appropriate to the use, type, scale, and location. 1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options but does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education, experience, or community dialogue. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 The built environment has environmental, economic, and social impacts. These impacts occur at all life-cycle stages in multiple ways and on local, regional, and global scales. It is imperative to understand the nature of these impacts and their relationship to the general principles of sustainability in order to address the opportunities and challenges they present. 4.1.1 It is necessary to identify the environmental impacts in order to promote the positive and mitigate the negative. 4.1.2 It is necessary to quantify the economic impacts in order to improve life-cycle costs and benefits. 4.1.3 It is necessary to identify the social impacts in order to contribute to a positive quality of life for current and future generations. 4.2 The general principles of sustainability—environmental, economic, and social—are interrelated. Decisions founded on the opportunities and challenges of any of the principles will have impacts relative to all of the principles. However, to facilitate clarity in the presentation of the general principles, they are discussed individually in Section 5 . 4.3 The practical application of the general principles of sustainability relies upon balancing environmental, economic, and social impacts and committing to continual improvement. Section 6 discusses this balancing of environmental, economic, and social impacts in pursuit of sustainability. 4.4 This guide provides an overview of sustainability, as it is applicable to the built environment. This guide provides general guidance but does not prescribe a specific course of action. 4.5 This guide is intended to inform professionals associated with the building industry. 4.5.1 The general principles identified in this guide are intended to assist users in making decisions that advance sustainability. 4.5.2 The general principles identified in this guide are intended to inform the development and refinement of tools and standards to qualify and quantify impacts of the built environment.