1.1 目标- 本规程建立并定义了将人-系统集成（HSI）纳入政府和商业船舶、海洋结构物以及海洋系统和设备（以下简称海洋系统）采办生命周期所有阶段的过程和相关要求。HSI必须与应用于海洋系统设计、采办和运营的工程过程完全集成。该应用程序包括以下内容: 1.1.1 船舶和海上结构物。 1.1.2 为部署在船舶或海上结构物上而开发的海洋系统、机械和设备，其设计一旦集成到船舶或海上结构物中，将潜在地影响人类性能、安全和健康危害、生存能力、士气、生活质量和责任适配性。 1.1.3 将海洋系统和设备集成到船舶和海上结构中，包括布置、设施布局、安装、通信和数据链路。 1.1.4 船舶和海洋结构物的现代化和改装。 1.2 目标受众- 本文件的目标受众包括接受过HSI培训并具有代表采购活动的经验的个人、具有HSI经验的承包商或供应商人员，以及熟悉HSI方法、流程和目标的工程师和管理人员。看见 5.2.3 有关HSI专家资格的指导。 1.3 目录- 本文件分为以下章节和小节。 目录 部分 和 小节 标题 1. 范围 1.1 目标 1.2 目标受众 1.3 目录 2. 人力系统综合 2.1 人-系统集成的定义 2.2 HSI集成过程 2.3 HSI计划要求 3. 参考文件 3.1 介绍 3.2 ASTM标准 3.3 商业标准和文件 3.4 政府标准和文件 4. 术语 4.1.1 布置图 4.1.2 承包人 4.1.3 关键活动 4.1.4 文化期望 4.1.5 损害控制 4.1.6 作用 4.1.7 人力系统综合 4.1.8 高驱动因素 4.1.9 人为错误 4.1.10 在…岗位上工作 4.1.11 劳动力 4.1.12 海洋系统 4.1.13 使命 4.1.14 海洋结构物或设施 4.1.15 操作要求 4.1.16 面板布局图 4.1.17 采购组织 4.1.18 系统 4.1.19 任务 4.1.20 用户界面 4.1.21 小贩 5. 实践总结 5.1 HSI设计目标 5.2 关键成功因素 5.3 HSI计划 5.4 HSI集成产品团队 5.6 质量保证 5.7 非重叠 5.8 认知与协调 6. 使用的意义 6.1 预期用途 6.2 工作范围和性质 6.3 政府正式、全面收购 6.4 商业收购流程 6.5 非开发性项目获取 6.6 现代化 7. HSI活动 7.1 概述 7.2 HSI经验教训 7.3 早期海洋系统分析 7.4 前端分析 7.5 HSI风险分析 7.6 人力分析 7.7 人员分析 7.8 培训分析 7.9 工作量分析 7.10 采购文件和规范的HSI输入 7.11 SOH危害分析 7.12 人员生存能力分析 7.13 宜居性分析 7.14 卫生服务分析 7.15 模型制作与模拟试验 7.16 用户界面设计 7.17 可用性评估和用户界面概念探索 7.18 阀门临界性分析 7.19 链接分析 7.20 设计审查 7.21 图纸和CAD模型审查 7.22 检查 7.23 开发测试和评估 7.24 作战试验与鉴定 8. 文档 8.1 数据要求 8.2 可追溯性 8.3 访问数据 9 关键词 图形 数字 图标题 图1 确定HSI计划需求的过程 图2 典型HSIP的示例大纲 图3 政府HSI系统工程流程和系统获取生命周期 图4 商业船舶购置过程的各个阶段 桌子 数字 表格标题 表1 面向政府的HSI域描述 表2 HSI域之间的关键交互 表3 HSI专家的最低资格 表4 NDI收购的典型HSI问题 表5 政府收购阶段的HSI活动 表6 按商业行业收购阶段划分的HSI活动 表7 功能分配注意事项 表8 典型任务分析信息 表9 HSI风险概率评级示例 表10 HSI风险严重性评级示例 表11 人-系统集成风险指数示例 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 6.1 预期用途- 遵守本惯例为采购组织提供了保证，即人类用户在操作和维护海洋系统、设备和设施时将是高效、有效和安全的。具体而言，旨在确保以下方面: 6.1.1 通过适当使用和适应系统的人为组件，可以可靠地实现系统性能要求。 6.1.2 设备、软件和环境的可用设计允许人-设备/软件组合满足系统性能目标。 6.1.3 系统特征、过程和程序不会对人类构成危害。 6.1.4 自动操作和手动操作之间的权衡可以产生有效的人因绩效和适当的成本控制。 6.1.5 满足人力、人员和培训要求。 6.1.6 所选择的HSI设计标准在技术上是充分和适当的。 6.1.7 系统和设备的设计旨在促进所需的维护。 6.1.8 操作和维护设备的程序高效、可靠、批准用于海上且安全。 6.1.9 消除或至少最小化潜在的错误诱导设备设计特征，并将系统设计为容错。 6.1.10 设备的布局和安排提供了高效的交通模式、通信和使用。 6.1.11 可居住设施和工作空间符合环境控制和物理环境要求，为船员提供舒适度和生活质量，有助于保持最佳的人员表现和耐力。 6.1.12 将对人类健康的危害降至最低。 6.1.13 人员生存能力最大化。 6.2 工作范围和性质- HSI包括但不限于积极参与海洋系统生命周期的所有阶段，包括需求定义、设计、开发、生产、运营和退役。 HSI作为一个系统工程过程，应该完全集成到更大的工程过程中。对于政府而言，HSI系统工程过程表现为更正式、全面的系统采购以及非开发性项目采购。对于商业行业而言，系统获取过程不太正式，更为精简。每个过程如下所述。 6.3 政府正式、全面收购- 美国政府的收购过程由六个步骤组成，如所示 图3 . 每个阶段简要总结如下。 6.6 现代化- 行动和支持的一个关键部分是现代化。在许多情况下，在政府和商业海洋系统开发中，对现有设计进行修改、翻新或现代化，以满足新的任务要求或实施新技术。在这些情况下，设计活动的重点是修改及其与现有设计的集成，而不是完整的海洋系统。 这些设计活动遵循一个系统工程过程，很像新设计。 6.6.1 现代化过程中的HSI活动可能包括以下章节中列出的任何活动，但应按比例进行，以侧重于修改及其与现有设计的集成。HSI活动应侧重于确定修改对现有人力、人员和培训（MPT）要求的影响，并确定如何修改MPT考虑因素以实现成功整合。HSI的活动还侧重于确保改造整合到现有海洋系统中，而不会对人的表现、安全、职业健康、生存能力或宜居性产生任何负面影响。

1.1 Objectives— This practice establishes and defines the processes and associated requirements for incorporating Human Systems Integration (HSI) into all phases of government and commercial ship, offshore structure, and marine system and equipment (hereafter referred to as marine system) acquisition life cycle. HSI must be integrated fully with the engineering processes applied to the design, acquisition, and operations of marine systems. This application includes the following: 1.1.1 Ships and offshore structures. 1.1.2 Marine systems, machinery, and equipment developed to be deployed on a ship or offshore structure where their design, once integrated into the ship or offshore structure, will potentially impact human performance, safety and health hazards, survivability, morale, quality of life, and fitness for duty. 1.1.3 Integration of marine systems and equipment into ships and offshore structures including arrangements, facility layout, installations, communications, and data links. 1.1.4 Modernization and retrofitting ships and offshore structures. 1.2 Target Audience— The intended audience for this document consists of individuals with HSI training and experience representing the procuring activity, contractor or vendor personnel with HSI experience, and engineers and management personnel familiar with HSI methods, processes, and objectives. See 5.2.3 for guidance on qualifications of HSI specialists. 1.3 Contents— This document is divided into the following sections and subsections. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section and Subsection Title 1 Scope 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Target Audience 1.3 Contents 2 Human Systems Integration 2.1 Definition of Human Systems Integration 2.2 HSI Integration Process 2.3 HSI Program Requirements 3 Referenced Documents 3.1 Introduction 3.2 ASTM Standards 3.3 Commercial Standards and Documents 3.4 Government Standards and Documents 4 Terminology 4.1.1 Arrangement Drawing 4.1.2 Contractor 4.1.3 Critical Activity 4.1.4 Cultural Expectation 4.1.5 Damage Control 4.1.6 Function 4.1.7 Human Systems Integration 4.1.8 High Drivers 4.1.9 Human Error 4.1.10 Manning 4.1.11 Manpower 4.1.12 Marine System 4.1.13 Mission 4.1.14 Offshore Structure or Facility 4.1.15 Operational Requirements 4.1.16 Panel Layout Drawings 4.1.17 Procuring Organization 4.1.18 System 4.1.19 Task 4.1.20 User Interface 4.1.21 Vendor 5 Summary of Practice 5.1 HSI Design Objectives 5.2 Key Success Factors 5.3 HSI Plan 5.4 HSI Integrated Product Team 5.6 Quality Assurance 5.7 Nonduplication 5.8 Cognizance and Coordination 6 Significance of Use 6.1 Intended Use 6.2 Scope and Nature of Work 6.3 Government Formalized, Full Scale Acquisition 6.4 Commercial Acquisition Process 6.5 Non-Developmental Item Acquisition 6.6 Modernization 7 HSI Activities 7.1 Overview 7.2 HSI Lessons Learned 7.3 Early Marine Systems Analyses 7.4 Front End Analysis 7.5 HSI Risk Analysis 7.6 Manpower Analyses 7.7 Personnel Analyses 7.8 Training Analyses 7.9 Workload Analysis 7.10 HSI Input to Procurement Documents and Specifications 7.11 SOH Hazards Analyses 7.12 Personnel Survivability Analyses 7.13 Habitability Analysis 7.14 Health Service Analysis 7.15 Modeling and Simulation 7.16 User Interface (UI) Design 7.17 Usability Evaluations and UI Concept Exploration 7.18 Valve Criticality Analysis 7.19 Link Analysis 7.20 Design Reviews 7.21 Drawings and CAD Model Reviews 7.22 Inspections 7.23 Developmental Test and Evaluation 7.24 Operational Test and Evaluation 8 Documentation 8.1 Data Requirements 8.2 Traceability 8.3 Access to Data 9 Keywords Figure Number Figure Title Fig. 1 Process for Determining the Need for an HSI Program Fig. 2 Sample Outline of a Typical HSIP Fig. 3 Government HSI Systems Engineering Process and the System Acquisition Life Cycle Fig. 4 Phases of the Commercial Ship Acquisition Process Table Number Table Title Table 1 Description of Government-Oriented HSI Domains Table 2 Key Interactions among HSI Domains Table 3 Minimum Qualifications for HSI Specialists Table 4 Typical HSI Questions for NDI Acquisitions Table 5 HSI Activities by Government Acquisition Phase Table 6 HSI Activities by Commercial Industry Acquisition Phase Table 7 Function Allocation Considerations Table 8 Typical Task Analysis Information Table 9 Example HSI Risk Probability Ratings Table 10 Example HSI Risk Severity Ratings Table 11 Example Human System Integration Risk Index 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 6.1 Intended Use— Compliance with this practice provides the procuring organization with assurance that human users will be efficient, effective, and safe in the operation and maintenance of marine systems, equipment, and facilities. Specifically, it is intended to ensure the following: 6.1.1 System performance requirements are achieved reliably by appropriate use and accommodation of the human component of the system. 6.1.2 Usable design of equipment, software, and environment permits the human-equipment/software combination to meet system performance goals. 6.1.3 System features, processes, and procedures do not constitute hazards to humans. 6.1.4 Trade-offs between automated and manual operations results in effective human performance and appropriate cost control. 6.1.5 Manpower, personnel, and training requirements are met. 6.1.6 Selected HSI design standards are applied that are adequate and appropriate technically. 6.1.7 Systems and equipments are designed to facilitate required maintenance. 6.1.8 Procedures for operating and maintaining equipment are efficient, reliable, approved for maritime use, and safe. 6.1.9 Potential error-inducing equipment design features are eliminated, or at least, minimized, and systems are designed to be error-tolerant. 6.1.10 Layouts and arrangements of equipment afford efficient traffic patterns, communications, and use. 6.1.11 Habitability facilities and working spaces meet environmental control and physical environment requirements to provide the level of comfort and quality of life for the crew that is conducive to maintaining optimum personnel performance and endurance. 6.1.12 Hazards to human health are minimized. 6.1.13 Personnel survivability is maximized. 6.2 Scope and Nature of Work— HSI includes, but is not limited to, active participation throughout all phases in the life cycle of a marine system, including requirements definition, design, development, production, operations and decommissioning. HSI, as a systems engineering process, should be integrated fully into the larger engineering process. For the government, the HSI systems engineering process is manifested in both a more formalized, full scale system acquisition, as well as a non-developmental item acquisition. For the commercial industry, the system acquisition process is less formal and more streamlined. Each process is described below. 6.3 Government Formalized, Full Scale Acquisition— The U.S. Government's acquisition process is composed of six steps, as illustrated in Fig. 3 . Each phase is briefly summarized below. 6.6 Modernization— One key part of operations and support is modernization. In many cases in both government and commercial marine system development, existing designs are modified, retrofitted, or modernized to meet new mission requirements or to implement new technology. In these cases, design activities are focused on the modifications and their integration with the existing design rather than the complete marine system. These design activities follow a systems engineering process, much like new design. 6.6.1 HSI activities during modernization may include any of those listed in the following sections but scaled to focus on the modifications and their integration with the existing design. HSI activities should focus on determining the impact of the modifications on existing manpower, personnel, and training (MPT) requirements and identifying how MPT considerations may need to be modified for successful integration. HSI activities also focus on ensuring that modifications are integrated into the existing marine system without any negative implications to human performance, safety, occupational health, survivability or habitability.