This article provides a case study of a waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak which occurred in March 1981 in the Colorado communities served by the Eagle-Vail Water District. The outbreak, which was probably caused by a rotavirus, was linked to a chlorinator failure as well as a long-standing filter deficiency and malfunction of an upstream sewage treatment plant. Illness was statistically associated with water consumption. Costs of the outbreak and the conditions that lead to it are described. Includes 10 references, tables.