1.1 本指南通过应用指南中所述的故障模式和影响分析（FMEA）原则，涵盖了滑动轴承应用的机油测试选择过程 D7874 . 1.2 本指南从故障的角度进行油分析，包括轴承磨损和流体劣化。 1.3 本指南涉及通过将分析方法应用于油分析程序，以确定特定故障模式的检测能力，提高设备可靠性，降低维护成本，并增强主要用于工业机械的基于状态的维护程序。 1.4 本指南强调了原始设计范围内适当装配和操作的要求，以及基于状态和基于时间的维护的需要。 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本标准旨在作为监测滑动轴承状况的油试验选择合理性的指南。我们应该对类似的应用程序进行持续的基准测试，以确保不断地实施所吸取的经验教训。 5.2 为检测滑动轴承故障模式而选择油测试需要充分了解设备设计、操作要求和周围条件。具体来说，需要详细了解轴承设计配置、尺寸公差、负载方向、设计限制、润滑机制、润滑剂特性和润滑表面冶金。设备关键性和可访问性以及其他监测技术（例如，振动、超声波或热图像）的应用也是该分析过程中的关键信息。 此外，对润滑油的详细了解至关重要。 5.3 为了正确应用FMEA方法，用户必须了解在所有操作模式期间系统中遇到的变化，它们对设计功能的影响，以及能够检测这些变化的可用监测技术。为了演示这种方法，请参见第节 6. 将提供滑动轴承故障模式、原因和影响的广泛描述。

1.1 This guide covers an oil test selection process for plain bearing applications by applying the principles of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) as described in Guide D7874 . 1.2 This guide approaches oil analysis from a failure standpoint and includes both the bearing wear and fluid deterioration. 1.3 This guide pertains to improving equipment reliability, reducing maintenance costs, and enhancing the condition-based maintenance program primarily for industrial machinery by applying analytical methodology to an oil analysis program for the purpose of determining the detection capability of specific failure modes. 1.4 This guide reinforces the requirements for appropriate assembly and operation within the original design envelope, as well as the need for condition-based and time-based maintenance. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This standard is intended as a guideline for the justification of oil test selection for monitoring plain bearing conditions. One should employ a continuous benchmarking against similar applications to ensure lessons learned are continuously being implemented. 5.2 Selection of oil tests for the purpose of detecting plain bearing failure modes requires good understanding of equipment design, operating requirements, and surrounding conditions. Specifically, detailed knowledge is required of bearing design configuration, dimensional tolerances, load directions, design limitations, lubrication mechanisms, lubricant characteristics, and metallurgy of lubricated surfaces. Equipment criticality and accessibility as well as application of other monitoring techniques (for example, vibration, ultrasound, or thermal images) are also critical information in this analysis process. In addition, detailed knowledge of the lubricating oil is paramount. 5.3 To properly apply the FMEA methodology, users must understand the changes encountered in the system during all operating modes, their impact on design functions, and available monitoring techniques capable of detecting these changes. To demonstrate this approach, Section 6 will provide extensive descriptions of the plain bearing failure modes, their causes, and effects.