这是一篇关于饮用水消毒替代方法的综述。这些危害可能与消毒剂本身有关，也可能与消毒剂与水中存在的有机物质发生反应时形成的产物有关。考虑了二氧化氯和一氯胺及其副产物（如亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐、三卤甲烷和卤代乙腈）的影响。报告了以下实验结果:已明确鉴定的氯化副产物具有致癌特性；二氧化氯或体内产生的某些反应产物具有抗甲状腺活性；在高需求水域使用二氧化氯的大量副产品会导致溶血性贫血；一氯胺在细菌中具有诱变特性，并在小鼠肝脏中产生变化；目前几乎没有可用的信息来开始评估与有毒气体形成相关的危害- 产品；使用模型基质（包括腐殖酸和黄腐酸）进行的中试实验表明，诱变和有毒副产物的形成在很大程度上受水条件的影响。包括52个参考文献和表格。

In a review of research results available since a previous review in alternative means of disinfecting drinking water. These hazards can be associated with the disinfectants themselves, as well as with the products formed when disinfectants react with organic material present in the water. The effects of chlorine dioxide and monochloramine, and their by-products, such as chlorite, chlorate, trihalomethanes, and haloacetonitriles, are considered. The following experimental findings are reported: by-products of chlorination, that have been clearly identified, possess carcinogenic properties; chlorine dioxide, or some reaction product produced in vivo, possesses anti-thyroid activity; a substantial by-product of the use of chlorine dioxide in high demand waters produces hemolytic anemia; monochloramine possesses mutagenic properties in bacteria and produces changes in the livers of mice; there is little information available to begin evaluating hazards associated with the formation of toxic by-products; and pilot experiments using model substrates, including humic and fulvic acids, indicate that the formation of mutagenic and toxic by-products is substantively affected by water conditions. Includes 52 references, tables.