1.1 本规程涵盖了评估受热面皮肤接触温度的程序。介绍了两个免费程序。第一种是纯粹的数学近似，用于设计或最坏情况评估。第二种方法描述了热感觉仪，一种模拟人类感觉机制的仪器，仅用于操作系统。 注1: 本文列出的两种程序均适用于指南 C1055 . 当与该指南结合使用时，这些程序可以确定受热面潜在的烧伤危险。 1.2 指南末尾的参考文献中提供了人体烧伤评估研究和表面危险测量的参考书目 C1055 . 本实践结束时的参考资料中提供了热敏仪和数学建模参考资料 ( 1- 5. ) . 2. 1.3 本规程仅涉及被动加热表面的皮肤接触温度测定。本文包含的分析程序不适用于在接触位置提供热源的化学、电气或其他类似危险。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本规程中的程序支持确定受热表面的潜在烧伤危险。这些程序提供了最大皮肤接触温度的估计值，必须与指南一起使用 C1055 评估表面潜在危险。 5.2 本文概述的两个程序均基于相同的传热原理。 方法A使用数学模型来预测接触温度，而方法B使用具有类似于人类手指传热特性的塑料橡胶探针来“测量”真实系统上的接触温度。 5.3 这些程序可作为“平均”个体可能发生的皮肤接触温度的估计值。异常暴露条件、不正确的设计假设、受试者健康状况或不可预见的操作条件可能会否定估计的有效性。 5.4 这些程序仅限于直接接触。个人暴露于高环境温度、直接火焰暴露或高辐射通量的条件可能会在本文确定的时间段以外的时间段造成人身伤害。 除直接接触外的暴露评估不在本规程范围内。 5.5 冷表面暴露- 对于冷冻破坏皮肤细胞，目前尚无一致的标准。如果在未来某个时候制定此类标准，则本文所述技术的外推将作为冷表面暴露评估的基础。

1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating the skin contact temperature for heated surfaces. Two complimentary procedures are presented. The first is a purely mathematical approximation that is used during design or for worst case evaluation. The second method describes the thermesthesiometer, an instrument that analogues the human sensory mechanism and is only used on operating systems. Note 1: Both procedures listed herein are intended for use with Guide C1055 . When used in conjunction with that guide, these procedures can determine the burn hazard potential for a heated surface. 1.2 A bibliography of human burn evaluation studies and surface hazard measurement is provided in the References at the end of Guide C1055 . Thermesthesiometer and mathematical modeling references are provided in the References at the end of this practice ( 1- 5 ) . 2 1.3 This practice addresses the skin contact temperature determination for passive heated surfaces only. The analysis procedures contained herein are not applicable to chemical, electrical, or other similar hazards that provide a heat generation source at the location of contact. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The procedures in this practice support the determination of the burn hazard potential for a heated surface. These procedures provide an estimate of the maximum skin contact temperature and must be used in conjunction with Guide C1055 to evaluate the surface hazard potential. 5.2 The two procedures outlined herein are both based upon the same heat transfer principles. Method A uses a mathematical model to predict the contact temperature, while Method B uses a plastic rubber probe having similar heat transfer characteristics to the human finger to “measure” the contact temperature on real systems. 5.3 These procedures serve as an estimate for the skin contact temperatures which might occur for the “average” individual. Unusual conditions of exposure, incorrect design assumptions, subject health conditions, or unforeseen operating conditions will potentially negate the validity of the estimations. 5.4 These procedures are limited to direct contact exposure only. Conditions of personal exposure to periods of high ambient temperatures, direct flame exposure, or high radiant fluxes will potentially cause human injury in periods other than determined herein. Evaluation of exposures other than direct contact are beyond the scope of this practice. 5.5 Cold Surface Exposure— No consensus criteria exists for the destruction of skin cells by freezing. If, at some future time, such criteria are developed, extrapolation of the techniques presented here will serve as a basis for cold surface exposure evaluation.