为了满足佛罗里达州中东部未来的用水需求，圣约翰大学正在进行一项可处理性研究 河水管理区和CH2M山，以量化处理要求和 位于圣约翰河沿岸的潜在地表水处理设施的成本 桑福德梦露湖南端和德兰之间的河流。这项试点研究将 确定使用地表水进行灌溉的可行性、适当用途、处理技术和成本 抵消地下水需求。圣约翰河水具有佛罗里达州典型的地表水特征。特点 水的深棕色是由于水中的有机物造成的。这些有机物主要是 腐殖酸和腐殖酸溶解。总有机碳浓度通常超过30% mg/L，颜色超过400 Pt-Co。此外，圣约翰河有独特的 由于水的微咸含量而产生的特征。这种微咸的地表水有 溶解固体（TDS）浓度范围为400毫克/升（mg/L）至1060毫克/升 mg/L和氯化物浓度范围为139 mg/L至455 mg/L。由于这些独特的 除此之外，部分脱盐必须与常规处理一起使用。 为任何水处理系统选择处理技术主要是由饮用水驱动的 水法规和满足消费者期望。对于地表水处理 主要法规是强化地表水处理规则（ESWTR）和 消毒剂/消毒剂副产品（D/DBP）规则。任何治疗的计划过程 圣约翰河上的设施有一个5到10年的窗口期。因此，在这个 长期2号（LT2）ESWTR和第2阶段可能需要设施的合规性 D/DBP规则。 满足这些规定的方法是多屏障处理，包括以下装置 过程: 混凝和絮凝； 澄清 过滤；和 消毒。 这种方法要求每一道工序都能去除水中的病原体 以高效率运行。有效性是累积的，因为每个单元的过程 与单独操作相比，帮助后续单元流程更有效地工作。中试的基础和目标是评估原水的颗粒物预处理 以及有机物的去除。针对反渗透进一步评估了预处理 基于预处理水质的膜性能。 试点测试包括几个不同的阶段，每个阶段都有不同的目标。第一次 阶段，阶段1A，预处理系统根据处理后的水质和水质进行评估 渗透膜反应。在试验期间，对以下三种预处理系统进行了评估 第1A阶段: 超级脉动器（Super-Pulsator）毯式澄清池，然后是双介质重力过滤； Actiflo micro- 砂压载澄清池，然后进行双介质重力过滤；和 Zenon浸入式超滤器，在槽中凝结。 根据1A阶段的结果，确定所有三个预处理系统都是可行的 反渗透膜系统的预处理。 第二阶段测试的目标是比较四种不同的膜 在高回收率的膜中选择最佳 系统在1B阶段，使用Super/介质过滤预处理来预处理 以下四种单元素膜: Filmtec BW30FR； TriSep X-20； 流体力学LFC1；和 Osmonics SG。 本文总结了1B期铅元素膜选择的结果。 包括表格、数字。

To help meet the future water needs of eastern Central Florida, a treatability study is being conducted by the St. Johns River Water Management District and CH2M HILL to quantify the treatment requirements and costs for a potential surface water treatment facility to be located along the reach of the St. Johns River between the southern end of Lake Monroe in Sanford and De Land. This pilot study will identify the feasibility, appropriate use, treatment technologies and costs to use surface water to offset groundwater demands. The St. Johns River water has typical surface water characteristics for Florida. The characteristic dark brown color of the water is due to the organics in the water. These organics are mostly dissolved humic and fulvic matter. Total organic carbon concentrations are often in excess of 30 mg/L with colors exceeding 400 Pt-Co. Additionally, the St. Johns River has unique characteristics due to the brackish content of the water. This brackish surface water has total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations ranging from 400 milligrams per liter (mg/L) to 1,060 mg/L and chloride concentrations ranging from 139 mg/L to 455 mg/L. Because of these unique characteristics, partial desalting must be used along with conventional treatment. Selecting treatment technologies for any water treatment system is driven primarily by drinking water regulations and the meeting of consumer expectations. For surface water treatment, the primary regulations are the Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rules (ESWTR) and the Disinfectant/Disinfectant Byproduct (D/DBP) Rules. The planning process for any treatment facility on the St. Johns River has a 5- to 10-year window. Therefore, upon construction of this facility, compliance would likely be required for the Long Term 2 (LT2) ESWTR and Stage 2 D/DBP rules. The approach to meeting these regulations is multi-barrier treatment involving the following unit processes: coagulation and flocculation; clarification; filtration; and, disinfection. This approach requires each process to remove waterborne pathogens, with each process operating at a high rate of efficiency. The effectiveness is cumulative, in that each unit process helps the subsequent unit process work more effectively than if operated alone. The basis and goals of the pilot testing was to evaluate pretreatment of the raw water for particle and organics removal. The pretreatments were further evaluated with respect to reverse osmosis membrane performance based on the pretreated water quality. Pilot testing consisted of several different phases, each with different goals. During the first phase, Phase 1A, pretreatment systems were evaluated based on treated water quality and reverse osmosis membrane response. The following three pretreatment systems were evaluated during Phase 1A: the Super Pulsator (SuperP) blanket clarifier followed by dual media gravity filtration; the Actiflo micro-sand ballasted clarifier followed by dual media gravity filtration; and, the Zenon immersed ultra-filter with coagulation in tank. Based on the results of Phase 1A, all three pretreatment systems were determined to be viable pretreatments for reverse osmosis membrane systems. The goal of the second phase of testing, Phase 1B, was to compare the four different membranes and select the best performing membrane for further testing in a multi-element high recovery system. During Phase 1B, the SuperP/media filtration pretreatment was used for pretreatment to the following four single element membranes: Filmtec BW30FR; TriSep X-20; Hydranautics LFC1; and, Osmonics SG. This paper summarizes the results of the Phase 1B lead element membrane selection. Includes tables, figures.