1.1 本规程提供了使用安装在固定或便携式桅杆或杆塔上的辐射屏蔽内的常用电温度计测量代表性近地表大气（室外空气）温度的程序，以用于气象目的。 1.2 本规程适用于在环境大气中通常遇到的温度范围-50至+50的测量 °C。 1.3 空气温度测量系统包括辐射屏蔽、电阻温度计、信号电缆和相关电子设备。 1.4 可以在单个水平上进行测量，用于各种气象目的，在两个或多个水平上进行垂直温差测量，并使用特殊设备（在一个或多个水平上）测量温度随时间的波动，应用于通量或方差测量。 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 应用程序- 环境大气温度测量可以使用电阻温度计进行多种用途。应用程序确定了要使用的最合适的电阻温度计类型和数据记录方法。以下是温度测量的三个典型气象应用示例。 4.1.1 用于天气观测的单级近地表测量 ( 1. ) 3. 、工业应用的热力学计算或环境研究 ( 2. ) . 4.1.2 用于表征大气扩散分析研究的大气稳定性的温差或垂直梯度测量 ( 2. ) . 4.1.3 热流或温度的温度波动，或方差计算，或两者兼而有之。热通量和温度变化的测量需要高精度测量，并对环境大气的变化做出快速响应。 4.2 目的- 本规程旨在帮助用户为预期大气应用选择合适的温度测量系统，并正确安装和操作该系统。制造商建议和美国环境保护局气象测量质量保证手册 ( 3. ) 应咨询校准和性能审计程序。

1.1 This practice provides procedures to measure representative near-surface atmospheric (outdoor air) temperature for meteorological purposes using commonly available electrical thermometers housed in radiation shields mounted on stationary or portable masts or towers. 1.2 This practice is applicable for measurements over the temperature range normally encountered in the ambient atmosphere, –50 to +50 °C. 1.3 Air temperature measurement systems include a radiation shield, resistance thermometer, signal cables, and associated electronics. 1.4 Measurements can be made at a single level for various meteorological purposes, at two or more levels for vertical temperature differences, and using special equipment (at one or more levels) for fluctuations of temperature with time applied to flux or variance measurements. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Applications— Ambient atmospheric temperature measurements can be made using resistance thermometers for many purposes. The application determines the most appropriate type of resistance thermometer and data recording method to be used. Examples of three typical meteorological applications for temperature measurements follow. 4.1.1 Single-level, near-surface measurements for weather observations ( 1 ) 3 , thermodynamic computations for industrial applications, or environmental studies ( 2 ) . 4.1.2 Temperature differential or vertical gradient measurements to characterize atmospheric stability for atmospheric dispersion analyses studies ( 2 ) . 4.1.3 Temperature fluctuations for heat flux or temperature, or variance computations, or both. Measurements of heat flux and temperature variance require high precision measurements with a fast response to changes in the ambient atmosphere. 4.2 Purpose— This practice is designed to assist the user in selecting an appropriate temperature measurement system for the intended atmospheric application, and properly installing and operating the system. The manufacturer's recommendations and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency handbook on quality assurance in meteorological measurements ( 3 ) should be consulted for calibration and performance audit procedures.