1.1 该测试方法包括使用X射线衍射仪来制备定量极图。 1.2 该测试方法由几个实验程序组成。一些程序 ( 1. 5. ) 2. 允许准备一个完整的极图。其他极图必须组合使用才能制作一个完整极图。 1.3 极点图形 ( 6. ) 和反极图 ( 7. 10 ) 是三维晶粒取向分布的二维平均值。极图可用于构造反极图 ( 11- 13 ) 或晶粒取向分布 ( 14- 21 ) .从反射极图发展微晶取向分布的级数展开式 ( 22 , 23 ) 使得可以从几个不完整的极图获得完整极图的级数展开。通过这种方法得出的极坐标或反极坐标应称为计算极坐标。这里将不描述这些技术。 1.4 如果在整个板材厚度上方向是均匀的，某些程序 ( 1. 3. ) 可以用于获得完整的极图。 1.5 如果定向相对于垂直于轧制、横向和法线方向的平面具有镜像对称性，则某些程序 ( 4. , 5. , 24 ) 可以用于获得完整的极图。 1.6 测试方法强调舒尔茨反射技术 ( 25 ). 其他技术 ( 3. , 4. , 5. , 24 ) 可以被认为是舒尔茨技术的变体并且被引用为选项，但在此不进行描述。 1.7 试验方法还包括对Decker等人 ( 26 ), 其可以与舒尔茨反射技术结合使用以获得完整的极点图。 1.8 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 3.1 极坐标图是在极坐标纸上的三维晶粒取向平均分布的二维图形表示。使用反射和透射技术，用X射线衍射仪获得了构造极图的数据。 3.2 可以使用几种替代程序。有些人画出了完整的极图。另一些则产生部分极点图，这些极点图可以组合起来产生一个完整的极点图。

1.1 This test method covers the use of the X-ray diffractometer to prepare quantitative pole figures. 1.2 The test method consists of several experimental procedures. Some of the procedures ( 1- 5 ) 2 permit preparation of a complete pole figure. Others must be used in combination to produce a complete pole figure. 1.3 Pole figures ( 6 ) and inverse pole figures ( 7- 10 ) are two dimensional averages of the three-dimensional crystallite orientation distribution. Pole figures may be used to construct either inverse pole figures ( 11- 13 ) or the crystallite orientation distribution ( 14- 21 ) . Development of series expansions of the crystallite orientation distribution from reflection pole figures ( 22 , 23 ) makes it possible to obtain a series expansion of a complete pole figure from several incomplete pole figures. Pole figures or inverse pole figures derived by such methods shall be termed calculated. These techniques will not be described herein. 1.4 Provided the orientation is homogeneous through the thickness of the sheet, certain procedures ( 1- 3 ) may be used to obtain a complete pole figure. 1.5 Provided the orientation has mirror symmetry with respect to planes perpendicular to the rolling, transverse, and normal directions, certain procedures ( 4 , 5 , 24 ) may be used to obtain a complete pole figure. 1.6 The test method emphasizes the Schulz reflection technique ( 25 ). Other techniques ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 24 ) may be considered variants of the Schulz technique and are cited as options, but not described herein. 1.7 The test method also includes a description of the transmission technique of Decker, et al ( 26 ), which may be used in conjunction with the Schulz reflection technique to obtain a complete pole figure. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 Pole figures are two-dimensional graphic representations, on polar coordinate paper, of the average distribution of crystallite orientations in three dimensions. Data for constructing pole figures are obtained with X-ray diffractometers, using reflection and transmission techniques. 3.2 Several alternative procedures may be used. Some produce complete pole figures. Others yield partial pole figures, which may be combined to produce a complete figure.