1.1 现有的管理指南 调查产生的废物 重点关注可能受到有害物质和有害物质释放影响的岩屑、冲洗水、个人防护设备和物业产生的其他杂项固体废物。这些危险物质包括但不限于重金属、石油、石油副产品、溶剂、多环芳烃、有机和无机腐蚀物、放射性物质和爆炸物。管理指南 调查产生的废物 在可能受到全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质释放影响的地点产生( PFAS )是有限的。本标准指南解决了这一缺陷 1.2 本指南介绍了管理的最佳实践 调查产生的废物 与…有关 PFAS 在发布之日符合联邦和州的政策和法规。 建议用户确定对该房产具有管辖权的州、联邦或部落监管机构是否颁布了新的法规或规则。 1.3 本指南介绍了防止意外和未经授权处置液体的注意事项 调查产生的废物 可能包含 PFAS 进入不允许接收这些废物流的废水处理厂或系统。 1.4 本指南介绍了防止意外和未经授权处置固体的注意事项 调查产生的废物 可能包含 PFAS 进入不允许接收这些废物流的垃圾填埋场或其他固体废物处理设施。 1.5 本指南介绍了适用于的几种雨水污染预防最佳管理实践 调查产生的废物 . 1.6 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质( PFAS )是4700多种合成有机化学品的家族。 PFAS 可以承受高温并在高度腐蚀的环境中生存。它们用于制造涂料、表面处理以及炊具、地毯、食品包装、服装、化妆品和其他常见消费品中的特种化学品。 PFAS 也具有许多工业应用并且是某些类型的消防泡沫（水性成膜泡沫或AFFF）中的活性成分。 PFAS 涂层能抵抗油、油脂和水。 PFAS 是持久性化合物。因此 PFAS 应考虑用于管理 调查产生的废物 哪里 PFAS 已知或怀疑存在于环境介质中。 4.1.1 PFAS 是新出现的污染物，其环境法规和指导是动态的，随着对其特性、环境命运和管理/处理的了解越来越多，联邦、州、地方和国际层面正在同时制定这些法规和指导。因此，应评估特定地点的规则、条例和指南，以了解管理的选项和限制 PFAS 调查产生的废物 例如，马萨诸塞州环境保护部已经确定 PFAS 废物是受《马萨诸塞州石油和有害物质释放预防和响应法案》约束的“有害物质”( M.G.L.第21E章 )以及马萨诸塞州应急计划。其他州和司法管辖区可能已经或将制定并实施影响现场管理、储存、标签和场外运输要求的类似决定 PFAS 调查产生的废物 . 4.1.2 鉴于的特点和持久性 PFAS 化合物， PFAS 调查产生的废物 介绍了特殊处理和处理/处置注意事项。美国环保局最近发布了《关于销毁和处置全氟烷基和聚氟烷基物质以及含有全氟烷基或聚氟烷基材料的临时指南》（2020） ( 1. ) 5. 。本临时指南侧重于有可能破坏的处理和处置技术 PFAS 通过破坏碳-氟键或控制 PFAS 在环境中（例如，安全填埋）。尽管临时指南侧重于制造活动中残留物和废物/废物副产品的销毁和处置，但在评估以下方面的处理或处置方案时，应考虑该指南 PFAS 调查产生的废物 . 注1: 国防部于2023年7月发布了一项新政策，解决PFAS污染材料的管理问题，包括IDW ( 2. ) . 4.1.3 PFAS 调查产生的废物 还可能含有其他可能影响管理选择和要求的非危险或有害物质或材料。应考虑相关物质以正确表征 调查产生的废物 以及选择集装箱化、标签、处理、运输和处置选项。 ( 3. ) 4.2 现场调查活动产生的废料可能包括 PFAS . 调查衍生废物 可能包括监测井开发用水、冲洗水、钻孔中的土壤岩屑、沉积物、挖掘活动中的土壤或填土、净化采样设备的解决方案、个人防护设备和其他采样废物（例如纸巾、塑料布）。 4.2.1 可能不考虑返回钻孔/开挖的土壤路堑、多余的样本弃土和开挖土壤 调查产生的废物 在法规和指南允许此管理选项的管辖区内的现场。 4.2.1.1 用户必须与业主、责任方和监管机构共同确定这些材料的处置方案。 4.3 管理的主要目标 调查产生的废物 现场活动期间包括: 4.3.1 离开现场的情况并不比现场活动前更糟， 4.3.2 清除对人类健康或环境构成直接威胁的废物， 4.3.3 将废物分离到高于背景或阈值浓度， 4.3.4 遵守联邦、州、地方法规， 4.3.5 最大限度地减少数量 调查产生的废物 和 4.3.6 正确的集装箱化、管理和处置 调查产生的废物 . 4.4 容器标签: 4.4.1 符合OSHA危险通信标准 ( 4. ) 或其他适用的司法要求 调查产生的废物 应使用不可擦除标记将“容器”或“等待废物标识”标签贴在每个滚筒、中间散装容器、便携式罐或其他容器上。的标签或标记要求 调查产生的废物 如下所述，应在现场的健康和安全计划以及采样和分析计划中参考。 4.4.1.1 在标签和标记上包括以下信息:项目名称、产生日期、废物来源地、容器识别号、样品编号（如适用）和内容物（即净化水）。 4.4.1.2 将每个标签或标记在容器的上三分之一处至少两次，在相对的两侧。 4.4.1.3 将标签或标记放置在容器的光滑部分。标签不得粘贴在容器塞子、接缝、隆起或凹痕上。 4.4.1.4 使用耐风雨材料制作标签和标记，以及能够承受预期天气条件的永久性标记或油漆笔。如果使用标记，则颜色必须易于与容器颜色区分。 4.4.1.5 以确保标签固定在容器上的方式固定标签。 4.4.2 容器的标签或标记要求 调查产生的废物 被确定为危险品并预计将运至场外的危险品必须符合美国运输部（DOT）危险品法规的要求（见49 CFR 172）。被确定为危险废物或受州、省或部落法规约束的废物将根据美国环保局危险废物法规（40 CFR 262）的要求或其他适用的关于标签和标记的司法要求在现场暂存，直到财产所有人、责任方或现场运营商确定处置方案。 4.5 调查得出的废物容器移动预先确定的暂存区 调查产生的废物 容器符合现场的健康和安全计划以及取样和分析计划。确定安全运输所需的方法和人员 调查产生的废物 在现场动员之前，将集装箱运至集结区。搬运和运输设备应与吊装和运输的相关重量一致。的运输 调查产生的废物 除非符合49 CFR 172或适用的国家法规的要求，否则禁止通过公共道路将其视为DOT危险品。 4.6 调查衍生废物容器储存 4.6.1 舞台集装箱化 调查产生的废物 在现场的预定位置等待化学分析结果。 4.6.2 储存容器，使标签易于阅读。 4.6.3 为液体提供二次/溢出容器 调查产生的废物 储存（例如，圆桶和中间散装容器不得与地面直接接触储存）。此外，液体 IDW 应在符合危险废物堆积区适用的联邦、省、州或部落法规的二级容器中进行分级。 4.6.4 用户必须确定联邦、州、地方、省或部落法规是否对临时存储 调查产生的废物 ，包括与危险材料或危险废物的储存要求和限制有关的规定。这些要求可能包括定期检查容器和实施雨水污染预防最佳管理实践（见 5.6 ).

1.1 Existing guidance on the management of investigation-derived waste is focused upon cuttings, purge water, personal protective equipment, and other miscellaneous solid waste generated at property that may be impacted by the release of hazardous materials and hazardous substances. These hazardous substances include, but are not limited to, heavy metals, petroleum, petroleum byproducts, solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic and inorganic corrosives, radioactive material, and explosives. Guidance on the management of investigation derived waste generated at sites that may be impacted by releases of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances ( PFAS ) is limited. This standard guide addresses this deficiency 1.2 This guide describes best practices for managing investigation-derived waste associated with PFAS that are consistent with federal and state policies and regulations at the date of issuance. The user is advised to determine if new regulations or rules have been promulgated by the state, federal, or tribal regulatory agency having jurisdiction over the property. 1.3 This guide describes considerations to prevent the unintended and unauthorized disposal of liquid investigation-derived waste that may contain PFAS into wastewater treatment plants or systems that are not permitted to receive these waste streams. 1.4 This guide describes considerations to prevent the unintended and unauthorized disposal of solid investigation-derived waste that may contain PFAS into landfills or other solid waste disposal facilities that are not permitted to receive these waste streams. 1.5 This guide describes several stormwater pollution prevention best management practices applicable to investigation-derived waste . 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances ( PFAS ) are a family of more than 4700 synthetic organic chemicals. PFAS can withstand high temperatures and survive highly corrosive environments. They are used in the manufacture of coatings, surface treatments, and specialty chemicals in cookware, carpets, food packaging, clothing, cosmetics, and other common consumer products. PFAS also have many industrial applications and are an active ingredient in certain types of fire-fighting foams (aqueous film-forming foams, or AFFF). PFAS coatings resist oil, grease, and water. PFAS are persistent compounds. Therefore, PFAS should be considered for purposes of managing investigation-derived waste where PFAS is known or suspected to be present in environmental media. 4.1.1 PFAS are emerging contaminants for which environmental regulations and guidance are dynamic and are being developed simultaneously at federal, state, local, and international levels as more is learned about their characteristics, environmental fate, and management/treatment. Therefore, site-specific rules, regulations, and guidance should be evaluated for options and restrictions on management of PFAS investigation-derived waste . For example, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection has determined that PFAS wastes are “hazardous materials” subject to the Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Material Release Prevention and Response Act ( M.G.L. Chapter 21E ) and the Massachusetts Contingency Plan. Other states and jurisdictions may have or will develop and implement similar determinations that affect the on-site management, storage, and labeling and off-site transportation requirements for PFAS investigation-derived waste . 4.1.2 Given the characteristics and persistence of PFAS compounds, PFAS investigation-derived waste presents special handling and treatment/disposal considerations. EPA recently issued Interim Guidance on the Destruction and Disposal of Perfluoralkyl and Polyfluoralkyl Substances and Materials Containing Perfluoralkyl and Polyfluoralkyl Substances (2020) ( 1 ) 5 . This interim guidance focuses on technologies for treatment and disposal that have the potential to destroy PFAS by breaking the carbon-fluorine bonds or controlling migration of PFAS in the environment (for example, secure landfilling). Although the interim guidance focuses on the destruction and disposal of residuals and wastes/waste byproducts from manufacturing activities, the guidance should be considered when evaluating treatment or disposal options for PFAS investigation-derived waste . Note 1: The Department of Defense issued a new policy in July 2023 addressing the management of PFAS-contaminated material, including IDW ( 2 ) . 4.1.3 PFAS investigation-derived waste may also contain other nonhazardous or hazardous substances or materials that may impact the options and requirements for management. The associated substances should be considered for proper characterization of the investigation-derived waste and in selecting containerization, labeling, handling, transportation, and disposal options. ( 3 ) 4.2 Field investigation activities result in the generation of waste materials that may include PFAS . Investigation-derived waste may include monitoring well development water, purge water, soil cuttings from boreholes, sediments, soil or fill from excavation activities, solutions from decontaminating sampling equipment, personal protective equipment, and other sampling wastes (for example, paper towels, plastic sheeting). 4.2.1 Soil cuttings, excess sample spoils, and excavated soil that are returned to the borehole/excavation may not be considered investigation-derived waste on sites in jurisdictions where regulations and guidance allow for this management option. 4.2.1.1 The user must determine the disposal options for these materials in conjunction with the property owner, responsible party, and the regulatory agency. 4.3 The primary objectives for managing investigation-derived waste during field activities include: 4.3.1 Leaving the site in no worse condition than existed before field activities, 4.3.2 Removing wastes that pose an immediate threat to human health or the environment, 4.3.3 Segregating wastes above background or threshold concentrations, 4.3.4 Complying with federal, state, local, regulations, 4.3.5 Minimizing the quantity of investigation-derived waste , and 4.3.6 Properly containerizing, managing, and disposing of investigation-derived waste . 4.4 Container Labeling: 4.4.1 In accordance with the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard ( 4 ) or other applicable jurisdictional requirements, an “ investigation-derived waste container” or “Waste Awaiting Designation” label shall be applied to each drum, intermediate bulk container, portable tank, or other container using indelible marking. Labeling or marking requirements for investigation derived waste are as detailed below and should be referenced in the site’s Health and Safety Plan and Sampling and Analysis Plan. 4.4.1.1 Include the following information on labels and markings: project name, generation date, location of waste origin, container identification number, sample number (if applicable), and contents (that is, decontamination water). 4.4.1.2 Apply each label or marking to the upper one-third of the container at least twice, on opposite sides. 4.4.1.3 Position labels or markings on a smooth part of the container. The label must not be affixed across container bungs, seams, ridges, or dents. 4.4.1.4 Use weather-resistive material for labels and markings and permanent markers or paint pens capable of enduring the expected weather conditions. If markings are used, the color must be easily distinguishable from the container color. 4.4.1.5 Secure labels in a manner to ensure that they remain affixed to the container. 4.4.2 Labeling or marking requirements for containers of investigation-derived waste that is determined to be hazardous material and is expected to be transported offsite must be in accordance with the requirements of U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) hazardous material regulations (see 49 CFR 172). Wastes determined to be hazardous waste or subject to state, provincial, or tribal regulation will be staged onsite in accordance with the requirements of U.S. EPA hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 262) or other applicable jurisdictional requirements regarding labeling and marking until disposal options are determined by the property owner, responsible party, or the site operator. 4.5 Investigation-derived waste Container Movement Predetermine staging areas for investigation-derived waste containers in accordance with the site’s Health and Safety Plan and Sampling and Analysis Plan. Determine the methods and personnel required to safely transport investigation-derived waste containers to the staging area before field mobilization. Handling and transport equipment will be consistent with the associated weight for both lifting and transporting. Transportation of investigation-derived waste that is considered to be DOT hazardous material offsite via a public roadway is prohibited unless the requirements of 49 CFR 172 or applicable national regulations are met. 4.6 Investigation-derived waste Container Storage 4.6.1 Stage containerized investigation-derived waste awaiting results of chemical analysis at a pre-determined location on the site. 4.6.2 Store containers such that the labels can be easily read. 4.6.3 Provide a secondary/spill container for liquid investigation-derived waste storage (for example, drums and intermediate bulk containers shall not be stored in direct contact with the ground). In addition, liquid IDW should be staged in secondary containment that conforms to the applicable, federal, provincial, state, or tribal regulations for hazardous waste accumulation areas. 4.6.4 The user must determine if federal, state, local, provincial, or tribal regulations impose additional requirements for the temporary storage of investigation-derived waste , including those pertaining to storage requirements and limitations for hazardous materials or hazardous wastes. These requirements may include periodic inspections of the containers and implementation of stormwater pollution prevention Best Management Practices (see 5.6 ).