1.1 本文件旨在供负责培训检验员进行法医检查和油漆比较的实验室人员使用。它包含一系列培训目标，包括推荐的教学方法、阅读作业和结构化练习，为受训者提供实践经验。 1.1.1 受训人员和培训计划应满足或超过实践中规定的最低培训要求 E2917 . 1.1.2 对于本文提及的特定方法或仪器，可能需要额外的培训。 分析技术在油漆分析中的应用假设受训者已经能够使用每种特定的分析技术或仪器方法。 1.1.3 可以考虑并添加本文件中未明确提及的其他法医油漆检查信息来源。 1.1.4 除了此处列出的内容外，还应向受训者提供额外的油漆分析培训。此类培训可以包括场外课程、实习和由经验丰富的考官进行的专业培训。 1.1.5 建议继续教育和培训。额外的培训为法医油漆检验员提供了在现场保持最新状态的机会。 1.1.6 偶尔会评估油漆样本的破损边缘的物理匹配情况。本文件不提供身体比赛比较的训练要求。进行此类分析需要额外的培训。 1.2 本规程采用模块化格式，便于适应单个实验室的培训计划。包括关于课程、实践练习、进度监控和受训者评估的建议。 阅读作业列在本练习后续各节中；参考文献部分提供了完整的引文。 1.3 油漆分析培训计划为受训者成为合格的法医油漆检验员提供了必要的理论基础和基本实践技能。在油漆分析培训计划结束时，受训者能够根据良好的科学知识、适当的考试和实践经验形成意见。受训者还能够独立处理案件、撰写报告、出庭作证和同行审查案件。 受训者完成课程后或在一定的时间间隔内（例如，每个认证周期一次），应根据实践中规定的指导对培训课程的有效性和相关性进行评估 E2917 . 1.4 本标准实践不涉及人为因素（例如，认知偏差）。本标准的使用者有责任在法医科学家的初始或一般培训期间解决人为因素。参考实践 E2917 . 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 3.1 本文概述的程序以法医油漆检查和比较领域公认的知识和经验为基础。 3.2 成功完成该油漆分析培训计划后，受训者获得了执行、记录和评估法医油漆检查和比较所需的理论知识和实践技能。 3.3 本培训实践涵盖了可用于油漆分析的各种仪器方法。 并非所有实验室都能使用所有仪器。预计油漆分析培训计划将包括实验室油漆法医检查程序中发现的所有技术。 3.3.1 实验室培训计划中使用了提供有机和无机分析能力的仪器方法。示例包括傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、拉曼光谱、热解气相色谱（PGC）、扫描电子显微镜- 能量色散X射线光谱（SEM/EDS）、X射线荧光（XRF）和X射线衍射（XRD）。

1.1 This document is intended as a practice for use by laboratory personnel responsible for training examiners to perform forensic examinations and comparisons of paint. It contains a list of training objectives with recommended methods of instruction, reading assignments and structured exercises to provide practical experience for the trainee. 1.1.1 The trainees and training program shall meet or exceed the minimum training requirements set forth in Practice E2917 . 1.1.2 Additional training could be required for a particular method or instrument referred to herein. The application of analytical techniques to paint analysis assumes the trainee is already competent in the use of each particular analytical technique or instrumental method. 1.1.3 Other sources of information on forensic paint examination not specifically mentioned in this document can be considered and added. 1.1.4 Additional paint analysis training beyond that which is listed here should be made available to the trainee. Such training could include off-site courses, internships, and specialized training by experienced examiners. 1.1.5 Continuing education and training is recommended. Additional training provides a forensic paint examiner with the opportunity to remain current in the field. 1.1.6 Paint samples occasionally are evaluated for physical matches of broken edges. This document does not provide training requirements for physical match comparisons. Additional training is required to conduct this type of analysis. 1.2 This practice is in a modular format for easy adaptation to an individual laboratory’s training program. Recommendations as to lessons, practical exercises, progress monitoring, and trainee evaluations are included. Reading assignments are listed in each subsequent section of this practice; full citations are available in the References section. 1.3 A paint analysis training program provides a theoretical foundation and basic practical skills necessary to prepare a trainee to become a qualified forensic paint examiner. At the end of the paint analysis training program, the trainee is capable of forming opinions based upon sound scientific knowledge, appropriate examinations, and practical experience. The trainee also is able to independently work cases, write reports, testify in court, and peer review cases. Upon completion of the program by a trainee or at some regular interval (for example, once per accreditation cycle), the training program should be evaluated for its efficacy and relevance according to the guidance set forth in Practice E2917 . 1.4 This standard practice does not address human factors (for example, cognitive bias). It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to address human factors during the initial or general training of a forensic scientist. Refer to Practice E2917 . 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 3.1 The procedures outlined herein are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic paint examination and comparison. 3.2 With successful completion of this paint analysis training program, the trainee gains the theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary to perform, document, and evaluate forensic paint examinations and comparisons. 3.3 This training practice covers a variety of instrumental methods which can be used in the analysis of paint. Not all laboratories will have access to all of the instrumentation. It is expected that a paint analysis training program will include all the techniques that are found within a laboratory's procedures for the forensic examination of paint. 3.3.1 Instrumental methods that provide organic and inorganic analysis capabilities are utilized in the laboratory training program. Examples include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGC), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).