1.1 本试验方法涵盖了当锥形贯入仪以稳定速率进入地下土壤时，测定贯入过程中点阻力的程序。 1.2 该试验方法也可用于确定圆锥形点后面的圆柱套筒以稳定速率穿过地下土壤时的摩擦阻力。 1.3 本试验方法适用于机械式贯入仪。使用电子式贯入仪进行的现场试验包含在试验方法的其他部分 D5778 . 1.4 圆锥贯入试验数据可用于解释地下地层，并通过使用现场特定的相关性，提供用于土方工程和结构基础设计和施工的土壤工程特性数据。 1.5 本试验方法中所述类型的机械贯入仪可以连续运行（其中在锥体和推杆连续移动时测量锥体贯入阻力，直到因添加推杆而停止）或不连续运行（其中在推杆贯入停止期间测量锥体贯入阻力和套筒摩擦，可选）内杆系统和贯入仪尖端（在不连续操作的情况下必须伸缩）。 1.6 本标准的文本引用了提供解释材料的注释和脚注。这些注释和脚注不应视为本标准的要求。本标准中包含的插图仅供解释或咨询使用。 1.7 单位- 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。以国际单位制以外的单位报告试验结果不应视为不符合本试验方法。 1.8 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 除非被本标准取代。 1.8.1 本标准中用于规定如何收集/记录和计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。 使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 使用该测试方法进行的测试提供了锥体阻力的详细记录，该记录有助于评估现场地层、均匀性和坚硬层的深度、空洞或空洞以及其他不连续性。 使用摩擦套筒可以估计土壤分类，以及与土壤工程特性的相关性。当在合适的地点正确执行时，该测试提供了一种快速确定地下条件的方法。 4.2 本试验方法提供了用于估算土壤工程特性的数据，旨在帮助土方工程的设计和施工、结构基础以及土壤在静态和动态荷载下的行为。 4.3 该方法对土壤进行原位测试，但未获得土壤样本。对该测试方法结果的解释提供了渗透土壤类型的估计。工程师可以从平行钻孔中获取土壤样本，以进行对比，但之前的信息或经验可能会排除进行钻孔的必要性。 4.4 电子锥数据( D5778 )通常更可靠和可复制。 当穿透可能损坏电子锥设备的坚硬或岩石土壤时，机械锥设备可能会很有用。与电子锥设备相比，机械锥设备通常需要更少的操作员专业知识来操作和正确维护。然而，不建议将机械锥设备用于液化调查或必须获得高水平质量保证的调查。 4.4.1 来自机械锥的锥测试数据( D3441 )通常与电子锥相当( D5778 )但由于锥体和摩擦套筒部分的几何形状不同，存在差异。这些测试数据的用户应注意，电子锥的工程相关性不应用于这些机械锥。用户应验证经验相关性的应用，例如根据 R f 用于正确的贯入仪。 3. 注1: 本标准产生的结果的质量取决于执行该标准的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本标准的用户应注意遵守惯例 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了评估其中一些因素的方法。

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the point resistance during penetration of a conical-shaped penetrometer as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a steady rate. 1.2 This test method may also used to determine the frictional resistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind the conical point as it is advanced through subsurface soils at a steady rate. 1.3 This test method applies to mechanical-type penetrometers. Field tests using penetrometers of electronic type are covered elsewhere by Test Method D5778 . 1.4 Cone penetration test data can be used to interpret subsurface stratigraphy, and through use of site specific correlations, they can provide data on engineering properties of soils intended for use in design and construction of earthworks and foundations for structures. 1.5 Mechanical penetrometers of the type described in this test method operate either continually (in which cone penetration resistance is measured while cone and push rods are moving continuously until stopped for the addition of a push rod) or discontinuously (in which cone penetration resistance and, optionally, sleeve friction are measured during a penetration stop of the push rods) using an inner rod system and a penetrometer tip (that must be telescoping in case of discontinuous operation). 1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. The illustrations included in this standard are intended only for explanatory or advisory use. 1.7 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method. 1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this standard. 1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Tests performed using this test method provide a detailed record of cone resistance that is useful for evaluation of site stratigraphy, homogeneity and depth to firm layers, voids or cavities, and other discontinuities. The use of a friction sleeve can provide an estimate of soil classification, and correlations with engineering properties of soils. When properly performed at suitable sites, the test provides a rapid means for determining subsurface conditions. 4.2 This test method provides data used for estimating engineering properties of soil intended to help with the design and construction of earthworks, the foundations for structures, and the behavior of soils under static and dynamic loads. 4.3 This method tests the soil in-situ and soil samples are not obtained. The interpretation of the results from this test method provides estimates of the types of soil penetrated. Engineers may obtain soil samples from parallel borings for correlation purposes, but prior information or experience may preclude the need for borings. 4.4 Electronic cone data ( D5778 ) is generally more reliable and reproducible. Mechanical cone equipment may prove useful when penetrating strong or rocky soils that might damage electronic cone equipment. Mechanical cone equipment typically requires less operator expertise to operate and to properly maintain than electronic cone equipment. However, mechanical cone equipment is not recommended for liquefaction investigations or investigations where a high level of quality assurance must be obtained. 4.4.1 Cone test data from the mechanical cone ( D3441 ) are generally comparable with the electronic cone ( D5778 ) but there are differences because of the geometry of the cone and friction sleeve sections. Users of these test data are cautioned that engineering correlations from electronic cones should not be used for these mechanical cones. Users should verify that the application of empirical correlations such as those predicting soil types from R f are for the correct penetrometer. 3 Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides means of evaluating some of these factors.