建筑约占全国能源消耗的40%，医院约占挪威公共建筑总能源消耗的6%。医院是比能耗最高的建筑类别。一所大型大学医院每平方米消耗的能源是商业建筑的两倍。最近在挪威建造的大型大学医院的年能耗在300-400 kWh/m²（25-35 Btu/s.ft²）之间。剩余热源的转换和利用表现良好- 已知的技术和技术正在不断发展。在具有许多热能流的大型建筑群中，协调生产、储存和分配能量具有巨大潜力。我们的研究为交互仿真模型的操作开发了新方法。这些方法为优化不同综合能源系统的组合提供了工具。我们讨论的主要设计问题是循环流动系统和蓄热系统的尺寸。在这方面，水力循环布局对能源的利用非常重要。 e、 水温，但我们也展示了控制策略对节能的重要性。本文描述了一种新的循环布局和控制设计，并将其应用于北极斯堪的纳维亚环境中的加热、冷却和储存系统。大型医院的余热或冷能流的热回收来自设备和照明系统等内部负荷，它们可能与暖通空调制冷或通风系统的占用和需求直接相关。此类建筑的能源协同潜力取决于给定时间内可用的剩余加热/冷却源。 对于建筑类型，如医院，其供暖和制冷需求很高，不一定与多余的供暖和制冷生产相匹配，蓄热是发挥热泵和制冷机优势的最相关技术。医院储热解决方案的研究主要集中在储热系统上，而没有考虑整个能源系统。我们分析了供回水系统的不同温度水平与室外温度的关系，冷却供回水系统的不同温度水平，以及典型地热储水量的设计参数。 如果不考虑这些子系统的相互依赖性，系统效率将是次优的。引用:2017年年度会议，加利福尼亚州长滩，会议论文

Buildings account for about 40 % of national energy consumption, and hospitals represent about 6 % of the total energy consumption in public buildings in Norway. Hospitals are the building category with the highest specific energy consumption. A large university hospital uses twice as much energy per square meter compared to commercial buildings. Large university hospitals recently built in Norway have annual energy consumption between 300-400 kWh/m2(25-35 Btu/s.ft2).Conversion and utilization of surplus heat sources represent well-known technologies and are under constant development. In large building complexes, with many thermal energy streams, there is a significant potential for coordinated production, storage, and distribution of energy.Our study has developed new methods for the operation of interacting simulating models. These methods provide tools for optimization of combinations of different integrated energy systems. The main design issues we address are hydronic flow systems and the sizing of thermal storage systems. The hydronic layout is important with this respect to utilization of energy i.e. water temperature, but we also show the importance of control strategies on energy savings. A proposed new hydronic layout and control design is described in this paper, as applied to heating, cooling and storage systems in an arctic Scandinavian environment.Heat recovery of surplus heat or cold energy streams in large hospitals come from internal loads like equipment, and lighting systems, They canby directly related to the occupancy and demand of the HVAC refrigeration or ventilation systems. The potential for energy synergies in these type of buildings is dependent on the available surplus heating/cooling source at a given time. For building types, such as hospitals, where the need for heating and cooling is high and not necessarily matching the surplus heating and cooling production, thermal storage is the most relevant technology to deliver the advantages of heat pumps and chillers. Research on thermal storage solutions for hospitals has mainly focused on the storage system and not considered the total energy system. We haveanalyzed different temperature levels for supply and return heating water system as a function of outdoor temperature, different temperature levels for cooling supply and return, and design parameters for a typical geothermal storage volume. System efficiency will be sub-optimal if interdependence of these subsystems is not considered.