1.1 本标准涵盖了一种实践，即可以使用相对图像质量响应（RIQR）的概念对工业射线照相成像系统或技术进行比较评估。射线照相技术中的变化，如胶片/探测器类型、距离或过滤/准直，可以使用本标准进行比较评估。本规程中提出的RIQR方法基于规程中描述的等效透度计灵敏度（EPS）的使用 E1025 和小节 5.4 这种做法。 图1 示出了具有四种不同斑块厚度（0.38 毫米，0.25 毫米，0.20 mm和0.13 毫米（0.015 英寸，0.010 英寸，0.008 和0.005英寸））顺序地（从上到下）定位在指定材料和厚度的吸收板上。这四个斑块总共包含14个不同阵列的透度计类型的孔尺寸，设计用于在暴露于适当辐射时提供不同的阈值能见度条件。 每个“EPS”阵列由30个相同的孔组成；从而向用户提供适合于相对图像定性响应比较的阈值灵敏度水平的数量。RIQI和吸收器有两种标准材料（钢和塑料）。对于特殊应用，用户可以设计非标准RIQI吸收器配置；然而，RIQI配置应通过类似于 图1 .非标准RIQI吸收器配置的使用应在用户的书面技术中进行描述，并经CEO批准。 1.2 本规程不旨在评定特定射线照相技术的性能，也不旨在保证射线照相技术能够检测到接受射线照相检查的试样中的特定不连续性。 1.3 本规程不用于对射线照相成像系统的性能分类进行分类或推导性能分类类别。例如，射线照相胶片系统的性能分类可在试验方法中找到 E1815 ，并且制造商对计算机射线照相（CR）系统的表征可以在实践中找到 E2446 然而，本规程中所述的RIQI和吸收器由规程使用 E2446 计算机射线照相（CR）系统的制造商特性和实践 E2445 以评估CR系统的性能并监测其长期稳定性。 1.4 这些测试适用于4以下的应用程序 MeV。当使用伽马射线源或其他高能源时，这些测试仍然可以用于表征系统，但可能需要修改吸收体厚度，以调整用户和认可的工程组织（CEO）之间商定的可用RIQR范围。 用于高能X射线应用（4 MV至25 MV），试验方法 E1735 提供了类似的RIQR标准实践。 1.5 SI中规定的值应视为标准。 1.6 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本标准提供了通过吸收材料曝光时胶片和非胶片成像系统的RIQR评估实践。第节提供了三种替代数据评估方法 9 确定RIQR需要比较至少两张射线照片或射线照相过程，由此可以使用的EPS斑块布置来确定图像质量差异的相对程度 图1 作为相对图像质量指示符（RIQI）。 与RIQI一起，必须为每个射线照相过程建立并仔细控制特定的射线照相技术或方法。本规程旨在确定工艺改进/更改或设备属性更改可能导致射线照相成像系统性能水平发生的EPS细微变化。本规程不涉及《规程》中规定的射线照相成像系统的相对不清晰度 E2002 任何相对比较的共同因素是对评估中的两个过程使用相同的RIQI安排。 4.2 除了第节中描述的标准评估方法之外 9 ，可能还有其他技术/方法，其中的基本RIQR排列 图1 可以用于执行相对图像质量性能的专门评估。例如，可以更改其他射线照相变量，以便于评估，前提是这些差异是已知的，并记录了这两种过程。在评估多个射线照相过程变量的情况下，本实践的用户有责任将这些正常过程属性控制到适合应用的程度。 专门的RIQR技术也可用于微焦点X射线、同位素辐射源或使用非胶片射线照相成像系统。RIQR也可用于评估具有替代材料（RIQI和基板）的成像系统，例如塑料、铜镍或铝。当使用这些专业应用程序时，所使用的具体方法或技术应符合规定，并经认可的工程组织批准。

1.1 This standard covers a practice whereby industrial radiographic imaging systems or techniques may be comparatively assessed using the concept of relative image quality response (RIQR). Changes within a radiographic technique such as film/detector types, distances, or filtering/collimation can be comparatively assessed using this standard. The RIQR method presented within this practice is based upon the use of equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS) described within Practice E1025 and subsection 5.4 of this practice. Fig. 1 illustrates a relative image quality indicator (RIQI) that has four different plaque thicknesses (0.38 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.20 mm, and 0.13 mm (0.015 in., 0.010 in., 0.008 in., and 0.005 in.)) sequentially positioned (from top to bottom) on an absorber plate of a specified material and thickness. The four plaques contain a total of 14 different arrays of penetrameter-type hole sizes designed to render varied conditions of threshold visibility when exposed to the appropriate radiation. Each “EPS” array consists of 30 identical holes; thus, providing the user with a quantity of threshold sensitivity levels suitable for relative image qualitative response comparisons. There are two standard materials (steel and plastic) specified herein for the RIQI and absorber. For special applications the user may design a non-standard RIQI-absorber configuration; however the RIQI configuration shall be controlled by a drawing similar to Fig. 1 . Use of a non-standard RIQI-absorber configuration shall be described in the user’s written technique and approved by the CEO. 1.2 This practice is not intended to qualify the performance of a specific radiographic technique nor for assurance that a radiographic technique will detect specific discontinuities in a specimen undergoing radiographic examination. 1.3 This practice is not intended to be used to classify or derive performance classification categories for radiographic imaging systems. For example, performance classifications of radiographic film systems may be found within Test Method E1815 , and manufacturer characterization of computed radiography (CR) systems may be found in Practice E2446 . However, the RIQI and absorber described in this practice are used by Practice E2446 for manufacturer characterization of computed radiography (CR) systems and by Practice E2445 to evaluate performance and to monitor long term stability of CR systems. 1.4 These tests are for applications below 4 MeV. When a gamma source or other high energy source is used, these tests may still be used to characterize the system, but may need a modification of the absorber thickness to adjust the available RIQR range as agreed between the user and cognizant engineering organization (CEO). For high-energy X-ray applications (4 MV to 25 MV), Test Method E1735 provides a similar RIQR standard practice. 1.5 The values stated in SI are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This standard provides a practice for RIQR evaluations of film and non-film imaging systems when exposed through an absorber material. Three alternate data evaluation methods are provided in Section 9 . Determining RIQR requires the comparison of at least two radiographs or radiographic processes whereby the relative degree of image quality difference may be determined using the EPS plaque arrangement of Fig. 1 as a relative image quality indicator (RIQI). In conjunction with the RIQI, a specified radiographic technique or method must be established and carefully controlled for each radiographic process. This practice is designed to allow the determination of subtle changes in EPS that may arise to radiographic imaging system performance levels resultant from process improvements/changes or change of equipment attributes. This practice does not address relative unsharpness of a radiographic imaging system as provided in Practice E2002 . The common element with any relative comparison is the use of the same RIQI arrangement for both processes under evaluation. 4.2 In addition to the standard evaluation method described in Section 9 , there may be other techniques/methods in which the basic RIQR arrangement of Fig. 1 might be utilized to perform specialized assessments of relative image quality performance. For example, other radiographic variables can be altered to facilitate evaluations provided these differences are known and documented for both processes. Where multiple radiographic process variables are evaluated, it is incumbent upon the user of this practice to control those normal process attributes to the degree suitable for the application. Specialized RIQR techniques may also be useful with micro focus X-ray, isotope sources of radiation or with the use of non-film radiographic imaging systems. RIQR may also be useful in evaluating imaging systems with alternate materials (RIQI and base plate) such as plastic, copper-nickel, or aluminum. When using any of these specialized applications, the specific method or techniques used shall be as specified and approved by the cognizant engineering organization.