本文讨论了克利夫兰水务部（CWD）进行的两项冲洗研究的结果。第一个是由CWD独立开展的死胡同冲洗项目，第二个是CWD参与的AWWARF现场研究。死端冲洗计划的目标是:将溶解的磷酸盐吸入分配系统的死端或低流量区域；防止磷酸盐在这些区域积聚；监测氯残留。根据该区域在保持压力的同时提供2.5英尺/秒目标速度的能力，每个现场的冲洗时间各不相同。另一个影响每个地点花费时间的因素是，在不造成财产损失的情况下，将冲洗水排入下水道系统的能力。 在每次冲洗期间，记录以下数据:日期、街道、市政、冲洗时间、冲洗量、主要尺寸、起始PO4水平；终止PO4水平；结束C12级。在关注区域检查异养平板计数（HPC）水平，但并非所有部位都进行了检测。使用HACH色度计现场测试试剂盒测定磷酸盐和氯含量。AWWARF现场研究的目的是评估集中冲洗事件对选定死胡同区域水质的影响，特别是磷酸盐水平、大肠菌群和氯残留。水质监测在计划于两个月中旬进行的重点冲洗活动之前、期间和之后进行- 配电系统中的点位置和五个选定的死角区域。采样发生在四个单独的冲洗事件中。冲洗前、冲洗中和冲洗后的取样参数包括:pH值、总大肠菌群和粪便大肠菌群、余氯、浊度、磷酸盐（颗粒物和溶解物）、温度、大肠菌群、HPC和目视观察。通过0.45um膜过滤器过滤样品，测量颗粒物和溶解磷酸盐。HPC细菌由独立签约实验室使用R2A琼脂进行分析。使用MMO-MUG法（Colilert[R]）分析总大肠菌群和粪便大肠菌群，因为常规监管监测中使用了Colilert法。 使用实验室温度计现场测量温度，对照实验室NBS装置进行检查，并使用HACH DPD色度计测量余氯。由实验室人员和经验丰富的配电系统人员进行目视观察。

This paper discusses the results of two flushing studies conducted by Cleveland Water Division (CWD). The first is a dead-end flushing program conducted independently by CWD, while the second is an AWWARF Field Study in which CWD participated. The objectives of the dead-end flushing program were to: draw dissolved phosphate into the dead-ends or low flow areas of the distribution system; prevent the build up of phosphate in these areas; and, monitor chlorine residuals. Flushing time at each site varied depending on the area's ability to supply the target velocity of 2.5 ft/sec while maintaining pressure. Another factor influencing the time spent at each site was the ability to dispose of the flushed water into the sewer system without causing property damage. During each flushing event, the following data was recorded: date, street, municipality, flush time, flush volume, main size, starting PO4 level; ending PO4 level; ending C12 level. Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) levels were checked in areas of concern, but not all sites were tested. The phosphate and chlorine levels were determined using HACH colorimeter field test kits. The objective of the AWWARF field study was to evaluate the impact of focused flushing events on water quality in selected dead-end areas, specifically with respect to phosphate levels, coliform, and chlorine residuals. Water quality monitoring was conducted before, during, and after focused flushing events scheduled at two mid-point locations and five selected dead-end areas in the distribution system. Sampling occurred during four separate flushing events. The parameters selected for sampling before, during, and after flushing include: pH, total and fecal coliform, chlorine residual, turbidity, phosphate (particulate and dissolved), temperature, coliform, HPC, and visual observations. Particulate and dissolved phosphate were measured by filtering the sample through a 0.45 um membrane filter. HPC bacteria were analyzed using R2A agar by an independent contracted laboratory. Total and Fecal coliform were analyzed using the MMO-MUG method (Colilert[R]) since the Colilert method is used during routine regulatory monitoring. Temperature was field measured with a laboratory thermometer checked against the Lab NBS unit, and chlorine residual was measured by a HACH DPD colorimeter. Visual observations were made by laboratory personnel and experienced distribution system personnel.