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Developing a Scientific Basis for Source Water Protection Policies in the Salt Lake City Watershed Canyons 为盐湖城流域峡谷水源保护政策制定科学依据
发布日期: 2002-01-01
盐湖城集水区峡谷供水系统是一个独特的系统,因为它靠近不断增长的人口、娱乐景点,而且水流直接从集水区的高处流到水处理系统只需几个小时。因此,除了流域保护策略外,存在最小缓冲以将水质影响降至最低。该市制定了水质监测和响应计划,作为水质信息系统的一部分,为持续的流域保护战略提供基础。盐湖城在其流域峡谷拥有合作管辖权,并实施了广泛的水质保护政策。然而,峡谷的持续发展和娱乐压力对水质构成了威胁。随着使用需求的增加,开发商、居民、休闲者和其他与峡谷相关的利益相关者要求为保护政策提供科学依据。 盐湖城发现需要可靠的科学和数据来支持保护水源的常识性方法。流域峡谷的大小和多样性增加了用户群体、管理机构和环境团体之间问题的复杂性。这些问题包括但不限于以下主题:娱乐活动产生的微生物污染物;峡谷中的化学品使用(如草坪养护);发展影响;野生动物影响;废水收集和管理;造雪添加剂;腐蚀适当的汽车交通水平;以及火灾管理,即攻击和抑制与控制烧伤。作为2002年冬奥会的东道主,盐湖城也有一个独特的机会来评估人口和流域峡谷使用量的暂时但大幅增加。因此,正在开展一项完善的科学分析,为流域用户提供公正的解释,说明不同的土地利用和活动如何影响水质,为什么需要保护战略,以及保护工作的重点。 该项目的第一步是整合专家小组的投入。盐湖城希望从国家专家以及当地大学的专家那里获得见解,这可以为未来的研究和项目开发提供长期的连续性。这项工作的关键组成部分包括审查现有的监测活动,并在可能的情况下提出修改建议,以填补数据空白或减少监测。由于水处理厂和流域娱乐活动的直接水流特性,病原体是一个高度优先事项。该市已制定了水质监测计划,以确定基线水质,并跟踪可能因土地使用活动的增长和变化而导致的水质问题和变化。该水质信息系统通过监测网络设计、结果解释和报告以及信息需求,与城市的水质管理目标紧密相连。 该市还制定了监测计划的配套文件,称为应对计划。响应计划包含监测计划要素,但重点是规划过程、监测与流域问题的关系,以及为水质保护决策提供指导。响应计划中描述的管理决策过程促进了监测计划和响应计划之间的动态关系,在周期的任何时候收集新信息时,两者都可以相互影响和改善。包括数字。
The Salt Lake City Watershed Canyons water supply is a unique system given its proximity to a growing population, recreation attraction and the direct stream flow that brings water from high in the watershed to the water treatment system in just a few hours. As a result, there is minimum buffering to minimize water quality impacts, with the exception of watershed protection strategies. The City developed water quality monitoring and response plans as part of a water quality information system to provide a basis for continuing watershed protection strategies. Salt Lake City has the benefit of cooperative jurisdiction in its watershed canyons and has implemented extensive water quality protection policies. However, continuing development and recreational pressures in the canyons pose a threat to water quality. With the demand for increased use, developers, residents, recreationists, and others with canyon-related interests are demanding the scientific basis for the protection policies. Salt Lake City identified a need for sound science and data to support common sense approaches for protecting its source water. The size and diversity of the watershed canyons increases the complexity of issues among user groups, management agencies, and environmental groups. These issues include, but are not limited to such topics as: microbiological contaminants from recreation; chemical use in the canyons (e.g., lawn care); development impacts; wildlife impacts; wastewater collection and management; snowmaking additives; erosion; appropriate level of automobile traffic; and, fire management, i.e., attack and suppress vs. controlled burns. As host to the 2002 Winter Olympics, Salt Lake City also has a unique opportunity to evaluate a temporary, but substantial increase in population and use of the watershed canyons. As a result, a sound scientific analysis is being developed to provide an unbiased explanation to watershed users on how different land uses and activities can affect water quality, why protection strategies are needed, and where to focus protection efforts. An initial step in the project was to integrate input from a panel of experts. Salt Lake City wanted to get insight from national experts, as well as experts from local universities, which could provide long-term continuity for future studies and project developments. Key components of the effort included review of existing monitoring activities and making recommendations for modifications to fill data gaps or reduce monitoring, where possible. Due to the direct stream flow characteristics of the water treatment plants and watershed recreation activities, pathogens were a high priority. The City has developed its water quality monitoring program to establish baseline water quality and track water quality issues and changes that may result from growth and changes in land use activities. This water quality information system is integrally linked to the City's water quality management goals through monitoring network design, interpretation and reporting of results, and information needs. The City has also developed a companion document to the Monitoring Plan called a Response Plan. The Response Plan incorporates Monitoring Plan elements but focuses on the planning process, relation of monitoring to watershed issues, and providing guidance for water quality protection decisions. The management decision process described in the Response Plan promotes a dynamic relationship between the Monitoring Plan and the Response Plan, where each can impact and improve the other as new information is gathered at any point in the cycle. Includes figures.
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发布单位或类别: 美国-美国给水工程协会
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