1.1 本试验方法涵盖了先进陶瓷在环境温度下单调单轴加载下的抗压强度的测定，包括应力-应变行为。该试验方法仅限于特定的试样几何形状。此外，还讨论了试样制造方法、测试模式（力或位移）、测试速率（力速率、应力速率、位移速率或应变速率）、允许弯曲以及数据收集和报告程序。本试验方法中使用的抗压强度是指在单调单轴加载下获得的抗压强度。单调加载是指以恒定速率以连续方式进行的试验，从试验开始到最终断裂没有逆转。 1.2 该测试方法主要用于宏观上表现出各向同性、均匀、连续行为的高级陶瓷。虽然该测试方法旨在用于整体先进陶瓷，但某些晶须或颗粒增强复合陶瓷以及某些不连续纤维增强复合陶瓷也可能满足这些宏观行为假设。通常，连续纤维陶瓷复合材料（CFCCs）在宏观上不表现出各向同性、均匀、连续的行为，不建议将该测试方法应用于这些材料。 1.3 本试验方法中表示的数值符合国际单位制（SI）和 IEEE/ASTM SI 10 . 1.4 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 4.1 该测试方法可用于材料开发、材料比较、质量保证、表征和设计数据生成。 4.2 通常，抗压缩性是整体高级陶瓷的最大强度的量度。理想情况下，陶瓷在使用中应该受到压缩应力，尽管工程应用可能经常在部件中引入拉伸应力。尽管如此，压缩行为是机械性能和性能的一个重要方面。尽管陶瓷的抗拉强度分布是概率性的，并且可以用最薄弱环节失效理论来描述，但是在至少一项研究中已经表明这种描述不适用于抗压强度分布 ( 1 ) . 3 然而，不排除测试统计上显著数量的压缩测试样本的需要。因此，在每个测试条件下都需要足够数量的测试样本进行统计分析和设计。 4.3 压缩试验提供了材料在单轴压缩应力下的强度和变形的信息。需要均匀的应力状态来有效地评估任何非线性应力-应变行为，所述非线性应力-应变行为可能是累积损伤过程（例如微裂纹）的结果，所述累积损伤过程可能受到测试模式、测试速率、加工或成分效应、微观结构或环境影响的影响。4.4 由特定材料或零件的选定部分或两者制造成标准化尺寸的测试样本的压缩测试结果可能无法完全代表整个全尺寸产品的强度和变形特性或其在不同环境中的使用行为。 4.5 出于质量控制的目的，从标准化压缩测试样本得出的结果可以被认为指示了从其获取的材料对于给定的初级加工条件和加工后热处理的响应。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength including stress-strain behavior, under monotonic uniaxial loading of advanced ceramics at ambient temperature. This test method is restricted to specific test specimen geometries. In addition, test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (force or displacement), testing rates (force rate, stress rate, displacement rate, or strain rate), allowable bending, and data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. Compressive strength as used in this test method refers to the compressive strength obtained under monotonic uniaxial loading. Monotonic loading refers to a test conducted at a constant rate in a continuous fashion, with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture. 1.2 This test method is intended primarily for use with advanced ceramics that macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior. While this test method is intended for use on monolithic advanced ceramics, certain whisker- or particle-reinforced composite ceramics, as well as certain discontinuous fiber-reinforced composite ceramics, may also meet these macroscopic behavior assumptions. Generally, continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs) do not macroscopically exhibit isotropic, homogeneous, continuous behavior and, application of this test method to these materials is not recommended. 1.3 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI 10 . 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation. 4.2 Generally, resistance to compression is the measure of the greatest strength of a monolithic advanced ceramic. Ideally, ceramics should be compressively stressed in use, although engineering applications may frequently introduce tensile stresses in the component. Nonetheless, compressive behavior is an important aspect of mechanical properties and performance. Although tensile strength distributions of ceramics are probabilistic and can be described by a weakest-link failure theory, such descriptions have been shown to be inapplicable to compressive strength distributions in at least one study ( 1 ) . 3 However, the need to test a statistically significant number of compressive test specimens is not obviated. Therefore, a sufficient number of test specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical analysis and design. 4.3 Compression tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under uniaxial compressive stresses. Uniform stress states are required to effectively evaluate any nonlinear stress-strain behavior which may develop as the result of cumulative damage processes (for example, microcracking) which may be influenced by testing mode, testing rate, processing or compositional effects, microstructure, or environmental influences. 4.4 The results of compression tests of test specimens fabricated to standardized dimensions from a particular material or selected portions of a part, or both, may not totally represent the strength and deformation properties in the entire full-size product or its in-service behavior in different environments. 4.5 For quality control purposes, results derived from standardized compressive test specimens may be considered indicative of the response of the material from which they were taken for given primary processing conditions and post-processing heat treatments.