1.1 本试验方法包括测定从下方闪蒸的液体和固体化合物的闪点 −10至370°C（16至700°F）。试验方法中的程序和仪器 D56 , D93 , D3278页 , D3828 和 D3941 将使用。针对固体和粘性液体的试验，规定了对这些程序的修改。讨论了所得结果的意义，以及可能的误差来源和可能引起干扰的因素。 1.2 包括使该程序适用于化学品混合物的建议（见 附录X2 ). 1.3 本试验方法应用于测量和描述材料、产品或组件在受控实验室条件下对热和火焰的响应特性，不应用于描述或评估材料或组件在实际火灾条件下的火灾危险或火灾风险。 然而，本试验方法的结果可作为火灾风险评估的要素，该评估考虑了与特定最终用途火灾危险评估相关的所有因素。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。国际单位制后括号中给出的值仅供参考，不被视为标准值。 1.5 警告- 美国环境保护署（EPA）和许多州机构已将汞指定为可导致中枢神经系统、肾脏和肝脏损害的危险物质。 汞或其蒸汽可能对健康有害，并对材料具有腐蚀性。处理汞和含汞产品时应小心。有关详细信息，请参阅适用的产品材料安全数据表（MSDS）和美国环保局网站-http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm-更多信息。用户应意识到，州法律可能禁止向您所在州销售汞或含汞产品，或两者兼有。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 另请参见第节 8. . 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 闪点测量在受控实验室条件下样品对热量和火焰的反应。这只是评估材料整体易燃性危险时必须考虑的众多特性之一。 5.2 由于仪器和程序中固有的物理因素，闭杯闪点不一定代表材料可能产生易燃蒸汽的最低温度，没有闪点也不能保证不易燃（见 附录X1 和 附录X2 ). 5.3 闪点在运输和安全法规中用于定义易燃和可燃材料。试验方法 D56 , D93 和 D3278页 规定为测定这些材料闪点的试验方法。 5.4 如果工艺或处理条件要求在低于关闭温度5°C至10°C的温度范围内使用易燃材料- 杯闪点，则液体上方可能存在易燃蒸汽。在这种情况下，使用可燃性温度极限（由试验方法确定）可能更合适 E1232 )而不是闪点。 5.5 对于单组分样品，首选涉及平衡程序和每个样品仅一次火焰通过的小规模方法。 5.6 对于含有少量挥发性成分的混合物，需要特殊程序，以尽量减少挥发物的损失，从而在加热样品时提高闪点。（参见 X2.5 .) 5.7 如果因挥发物损失、向下火焰方向和淬火引起的误差不可接受，则可以使用试验方法确定“可燃性下限” E1232 . 易燃性试验箱的温度极限足够大，以克服大多数实际情况下的火焰熄灭效应，因此，通常表明存在气相易燃性（如果确实存在）。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of liquid and solid chemical compounds flashing from below −10 to 370°C (16 to 700°F). The procedures and apparatus in Test Methods D56 , D93 , D3278 , D3828 , and D3941 are to be used. Modification to these procedures are specified for tests on solids and viscous liquids. The significance of the results obtained is discussed along with possible sources of error and factors that might cause interference. 1.2 Suggestions for adapting this procedure to mixtures of chemicals are included (see Appendix X2 ). 1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that take into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 Warning— Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website — http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm — for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, into your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Section 8 . 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The flash point measures the response of the sample to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. 5.2 As a result of physical factors inherent in the apparatus and procedure, the closed cup flash point does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a material can evolve flammable vapors, and the absence of a flash point does not guarantee nonflammability (see Appendix X1 and Appendix X2 ). 5.3 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Test Methods D56 , D93 , and D3278 are specified as test methods for determining the flash point of these materials. 5.4 If the process or handling conditions dictate the usage of a flammable material at temperatures ranging upward from 5 to 10°C below the closed-cup flash point, then a flammable vapor might be present above the liquid. In such cases, it may be more appropriate to use the temperature limit of flammability (as determined by Test Method E1232 ) instead of flash point. 5.5 For single component samples, small-scale methods involving equilibrium procedures and only one flame pass per specimen are preferred. 5.6 For mixtures containing small concentrations of volatile components, special procedures are needed to minimize the loss of volatiles, with consequent elevation of the flash point, while the sample is being heated. (See X2.5 .) 5.7 In cases where errors caused by loss of volatiles, downwards flame direction and quenching are unacceptable, the “lower temperature limit of flammability” can be determined instead using Test Method E1232 . The temperature limit of flammability test chamber is sufficiently large to overcome flame quenching effects in most cases of practical importance, thus, usually indicating the presence of vapor-phase flammability if it does exist.