蒸汽和热水是区域供暖常用的传热流体，它们都是在锅炉中产生的。为了使用低成本的固体燃料，锅炉是唯一实用的，因为发动机和涡轮机还不能燃烧固体燃料。在回顾了设计考虑因素后，描述了一个用于区域供暖的流化床示范装置。单位:I-PCITION:研讨会，ASHRAE交易，1986年，第92卷，pt。1B，旧金山

Both steam and hot water, the commonly used heat-transfer fluids for district heating, are generated in boilers. In order to use low-cost solid fuels, the use of boilers is the only practical one because engines and turbines are not yet capable of firing solid fuels. After reviewing design considerations, a fluid bed demonstration plant in district-heating use is described.Units: I-P