1.1本指南是制定轨道交通车辆火灾危险评估的指南。本文件旨在帮助专业人士，包括消防安全工程师，在轨道交通车辆设计期间或之后评估其消防安全（另见1.6）。本指南本身不是火灾危险评估，也没有提供验收标准；因此，它不能用于监管。 1.2危险评估是一个过程，一旦发生了定义的事件，就可以对定义场景下可能发生的火灾的潜在严重性进行估计。危险评估没有解决火灾发生的可能性。危险评估基于以下前提:已发生点火，与指定场景一致，并且可以可靠估计场景的潜在结果。 1.3与1.2一致，本指南提供了与基于当前在该行业广泛使用的传统适用消防测试响应特性方法开发的设计相比，评估特定铁路乘客设计是否提供同等或更高水平的消防安全的方法。此类方法通常基于规定性测试方法，如联邦铁路管理局（FRA）的指南和联邦交通管理局（FTA）的推荐做法所示（表X1.1）。选择性使用本指南中的部分方法和表X1.1中的单个火灾试验响应特性不符合本指南或表中的消防安全目标。本指南应全部用于制定轨道交通车辆的火灾危险评估或帮助设计此类车辆。 1.4本指南包括并应用公认且定义明确的消防工程技术和方法，这些技术和方法与世界各地正在制定的现有传统规范和标准以及基于性能的消防规范和标准保持一致。 1.5本指南通过评估用于轨道交通车辆的特定产品、组件、系统或总体设计的比较火灾危险性，提供了减轻轨道交通车辆火灾潜在损害的推荐方法。此类方法可能包括改变轨道交通车辆制造中涉及的材料、组件、产品、组件或系统，或改变车辆的设计特征，包括存在的自动启动消防安全装置的数量和位置（见4）。 4.4了解更多详细信息）。 1.6除其他外，本指南旨在帮助人员解决与以下领域相关的问题。 1.6.1轨道交通车辆的设计和规范。 1.6.2轨道交通车辆的制造。 1.6.3提供用于轨道交通车辆的组件、子组件和组件材料。 1.6.4轨道交通车辆的运营。 1.6.5为轨道交通车辆的所有乘客提供安全环境。 1.7本指南中提供的技术基于轨道交通车辆设计、施工和火灾场景方面的特定假设。这些技术可用于定量测量特定火灾条件下的火灾危险，包括特定材料、产品或组件。 这种评估不能用于预测实际火灾的危险，实际火灾涉及的条件或车辆设计，而不是分析中假设的条件或车辆设计。特别是，火灾危险可能会受到车辆预期使用模式的影响。 1.8本指南可用于分析定义的特定火灾场景下指定车辆的估计火灾性能。在这种情况下，事故将在车辆内部或外部开始，点火源可能涉及车辆设备以及其他来源。第5.3节详细描述了要使用的火灾场景。 1.8.1初始条件比分析中假设的更为严重的火灾可能比使用本指南中提供的技术计算的火灾危险更为严重。因此，必须将严重火灾条件视为一系列火灾场景的一部分。 1.9本消防标准不能用于提供定量措施。

1.1 This is a guide to developing fire hazard assessments for rail transportation vehicles. It has been written to assist professionals, including fire safety engineers, who wish to assess the fire safety of rail transportation vehicles, during or after their design (see also 1.6). This guide is not in itself a fire hazard assessment nor does it provide acceptance criteria; thus, it cannot be used for regulation. 1.2 Hazard assessment is a process that results in an estimate of the potential severity of the fires that can develop under defined scenarios, once defined incidents have occurred. Hazard assessment does not address the likelihood of a fire occurring. Hazard assessment is based on the premise that an ignition has occurred, consistent with a specified scenario, and that potential outcomes of the scenario can be reliably estimated. 1.3 Consistent with 1.2, this guide provides methods to estimate whether particular rail passenger designs provide an equal or greater level of fire safety when compared to designs developed based on the traditional applicable fire-test-response characteristic approaches currently widely used in this industry. Such approaches have typically been based on prescriptive test methodologies, as exemplified by guidelines of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and recommended practices of the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) (Table X1.1). Selective use of parts of the methodology in this guide and of individual fire-test-response characteristics from Table X1.1 does not satisfy the fire safety objectives of this guide or of the table. This guide shall be used in its entirety to develop a fire hazard assessment for rail transportation vehicles or to aid in the design of such vehicles. 1.4 This guide includes and applies accepted and clearly defined fire safety engineering techniques and methods consistent with both existing, traditional prescriptive codes and standards and performance based fire codes and standards under development throughout the world. 1.5 This guide provides recommended methods to mitigate potential damage from fires in rail transportation vehicles, by assessing the comparative fire hazard of particular products, assemblies, systems or overall designs intended for use in rail transportation vehicles. Such methods could include changes to the materials, components, products, assemblies, or systems involved in the construction of the rail transportation vehicle or changes in the design features of the vehicle, including the number and location of automatically activated fire safety devices present (see 4.4.4 for further details). 1.6 This guide is intended, among other things, to be of assistance to personnel addressing issues associated with the following areas. 1.6.1 Design and specification of rail transportation vehicles. 1.6.2 Fabrication of rail transportation vehicles. 1.6.3 Supply of assemblies, subassemblies, and component materials, for use in rail transportation vehicles. 1.6.4 Operation of rail transportation vehicles. 1.6.5 Provision of a safe environment for all occupants of a rail transportation vehicle. 1.7 The techniques provided in this guide are based on specific assumptions in terms of rail transportation vehicle designs, construction and fire scenarios. These techniques can be used to provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazards from a specified set of fire conditions, involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. Such an assessment cannot be relied upon to predict the hazard of actual fires, which involve conditions, or vehicle designs, other than those assumed in the analysis. In particular, the fire hazard may be affected by the anticipated use pattern of the vehicle. 1.8 This guide can be used to analyze the estimated fire performance of the vehicle specified under defined specific fire scenarios. Under such scenarios, incidents will begin either inside or outside a vehicle, and ignition sources can involve vehicle equipment as well as other sources. The fire scenarios to be used are described in detail in Section 5.3. 1.8.1 Fires with more severe initiating conditions than those assumed in an analysis may pose more severe fire hazard than that calculated using the techniques provided in this guide. For this reason severe fire conditions must be considered as part of an array of fire scenarios. 1.9 This fire standard cannot be used to provie quantitative measures.