该项目的总体目标是确定和检查与此相关的关键问题 在现有的大型水介质过滤器中使用颗粒膜过滤器。 具体来说，包括基础设施、工程、成本、培训要求和兼容性 解决了与大规模膜改造相关的问题。 堪萨斯城水服务部（KCWSD）担任了为期六个月的试点测试 地点来自全规模处理厂的沉淀水用作中试装置的给水。这个 试点研究侧重于评估两种改装策略:定制设计、加压 膜系统；以及浸没式膜系统。这两种策略尤其重要 因此，提供了所需的成本和有效的改造设计 实施定制设计方法是在压力下完成的- 船型， 低压膜由两家制造商提供。正在评估的模块之一是 高填充密度、低通量、低跨膜压力模块。另一个是高 采用标准内外中空纤维设计的透气性模块。两个实现 对堪萨斯城使用压力容器膜的策略进行了评估 密苏里水处理厂。第一种方法是利用工厂现有的水头 在最终澄清和clearwell之间，以提供所需的工作压力 用于过滤。第二种方法是使用给水泵来提供 更高的流量，更低的资本选择。 为期六个月的试点研究的具体目标是确定设计流量和回收率， 并对每个被测膜系统的膜残余物进行表征和量化。 这些 设计参数被用来促进改进设计和成本的开发 估计。

The overall objective of this project was to identify and examine the key issues related to retrofitting existing granular media filters with membrane media filters in large water utilities. Specifically, the infrastructure, engineering, costs, training requirements, and compatibility issues associated with a large-scale membrane retrofit were addressed. The Kansas City Water Services Department (KCWSD) served as the six-month pilot-testing site. Settled water from the full-scale treatment plant served as the feed to the pilot units. The pilot study focused on the evaluation of two retrofit strategies: custom-designed, pressurized membrane systems; and, submerged membrane systems. These two strategies are particularly well suited to retrofit designs and therefore provided the economy-of-scale required for costeffective implementation. The custom-design approach was done with a pressure-vessel style, low-pressure membrane provided by two manufacturers. One of the modules being evaluated was a high-packing density, low-flux, low-transmembrane pressure module. The other is a high permeability module with a standard inside/outside hollow fiber design. Two implementation strategies were evaluated for the use of the pressurized vessel membranes at Kansas City Missouri Water Treatment Plant. The first approach was to utilize the existing head in the plant between final clarification and the clearwell in order to provide the operating pressure required for filtration. The second approach used feed pumps to provide the pressure required for a higher flux, lower capital alternative. The specific objective of the six-month pilot study was to establish a design flux and recovery, and to characterize and quantify membrane residuals for each membrane system tested. These design parameters are being used to facilitate the development of retrofit designs and cost estimates.