1.1 该测试方法可用于使用砂锥设备确定土壤的原位密度和单位重量。 1.2 本试验方法适用于没有明显数量的岩石或粗料超过1 1 / 2 在。直径[38毫米]。 1.3 该测试方法也可用于测定完整或 原位 土壤，前提是土壤中的天然空隙或孔隙开口足够小，以防止试验中使用的沙子进入空隙。被测试的土壤或其他材料应具有足够的内聚力或颗粒吸引力，以保持小孔或挖掘的稳定侧面，并足够坚固，以承受挖掘孔和将设备放置在其上时施加的微小压力，而不会变形或脱落。1.4 该试验方法不适用于在试验孔开挖过程中会变形或压缩的有机、饱和或高塑性土壤。本试验方法可能不适用于由未结合的颗粒材料组成的土壤，这些材料不能在试验孔中保持稳定的侧面，含有大量大于1的粗料的土壤 1 / 2 在。[38mm]和具有高空隙率的粒状土壤。 1.5 当待测材料含有大量大于1的颗粒时 1 / 2 在。[38 mm]，或当测试孔体积大于0.1 ft时 3 [2830厘米 3 ]是必需的，测试方法 D4914/D4914M 或者 D5030/D5030M 是适用的。 1.6 单位- 以英寸-磅单位或国际单位制单位[括号内]表示的值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中陈述的值可能不完全等同；因此，每个系统应独立使用。合并两个系统的值可能导致不符合标准。 1.6.1 在处理英磅单位时，使用英磅单位的重力系统。在这个系统中，磅（lbf）代表力（重量）的单位，而质量的单位是块。除非涉及动态（F=ma）计算，否则未给出段塞单元。 1.6.2 除非涉及动态计算（F=Ma），否则工程/建筑专业通常交替使用代表质量和力的单位。这种做法含蓄地结合了两种独立的单位制；绝对和引力系统。在单个标准中组合使用两个独立的系统在科学上是不可取的。如上所述，该标准包括英寸-磅单位的重力系统，并且不使用/呈现质量单位。然而，使用记录质量磅(lbm)或以lbm/ft为单位记录密度的天平和秤 3 不应视为不符合本标准。 1.6.3 根据质量标准，使用“标准”系统识别筛名称 E11 例如25mm和75 μ m，其次是1英寸的“替代”系统。和200号。 1.7 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中建立的有效数字和四舍五入指南 D6026 ，除非被本试验方法取代。 1.7.1 为了比较具有规定限值的测量值或计算值，测量值或计算值应四舍五入至规定限值中最接近的有效数字小数。1.7.2 本标准中用于规定如何收集/记录或计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表通常应保留的有效数字。所使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或对用户目标的任何考虑；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效数字以与这些考虑因素相称。考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本标准的范围。 1.8 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全性问题（如果有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践并确定法规限制的适用性。1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ======意义和用途====== 5.1 本试验方法用于测定土路堤、道路填筑和结构回填施工过程中放置的压实土的密度和含水量。它通常用作土壤压实到指定密度或最大干密度百分比的验收基础，该密度由试验方法（如试验方法）确定 D698 或 D1557 . 5.1.1 试验方法 D698 和 D1557 要求将实验室压实试样的质量测量值确定为最接近的1 g，以便计算的含水量和密度可以分别报告为三位和四位有效数字。该标准是一个现场程序，要求质量测量精确到0.01 lbm[5 g]。因此，含水量计算应仅报告为最接近的1%，密度应报告为三位有效数字。 5.2 该测试方法也可用于确定天然土壤沉积物、骨料、土壤混合物或其他类似材料的原位密度。 5.3 该试验方法的使用通常仅限于非饱和条件下的土壤。对于松软或易碎（容易破碎）的土壤或潮湿条件下的土壤，不建议使用此测试方法，以免水渗入手挖的洞中。对于容易变形的土壤，或在测试过程中因振动或在洞附近站立或行走而在开挖洞内发生体积变化的土壤，测试精度可能会受到影响（见 附注1 ). 附注1: 当在软条件或接近饱和的土壤中进行测试时，由于表面载荷、执行测试的人员等，在挖掘的孔中可能发生体积变化。这有时可以通过使用支撑在离孔一定距离处的平台来避免。由于并不总是能够检测到何时发生了体积变化，因此应始终将测试结果与理论饱和密度或干密度与含水量图上的零空隙线进行比较。任何计算出饱和度超过95%的压实土壤的就地密度测试都是可疑的，并且可能发生了错误，或者在测试过程中孔的体积发生了变化。 附注2: 该测试方法产生的测试结果的质量取决于执行该测试的人员的能力以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合执业准则的机构 D3740 通常被认为能够胜任和客观的测试/取样/检查。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估部分（但不是全部）这些因素的方法。

1.1 This test method may be used to determine the in-place density and unit weight of soils using a sand cone apparatus. 1.2 This test method is applicable for soils without appreciable amounts of rock or coarse materials in excess of 1 1 / 2 in. [38 mm] in diameter. 1.3 This test method may also be used for the determination of the in-place density and unit weight of intact or in situ soils, provided the natural void or pore openings in the soil are small enough to prevent the sand used in the test from entering the voids. The soil or other material being tested shall have sufficient cohesion or particle attraction to maintain stable sides on a small hole or excavation, and be firm enough to withstand the minor pressures exerted in digging the hole and placing the apparatus over it, without deforming or sloughing. 1.4 This test method is not suitable for organic, saturated, or highly plastic soils that would deform or compress during the excavation of the test hole. This test method may not be suitable for soils consisting of unbound granular materials that will not maintain stable sides in the test hole, soils containing appreciable amounts of coarse material larger than 1 1 / 2 in. [38 mm], and granular soils having high void ratios. 1.5 When materials to be tested contain appreciable amounts of particles larger than 1 1 / 2 in. [38 mm], or when test hole volumes larger than 0.1 ft 3 [2830 cm 3 ] are required, Test Method D4914/D4914M or D5030/D5030M is applicable. 1.6 Units— The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.6.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved. 1.6.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to use, interchangeably, units representing both mass and force unless dynamic calculations (F = Ma) are involved. The practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate systems within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm), or recording density in lbm/ft 3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.6.3 The sieve designations are identified using the “standard” system in accordance with Specification E11 , such as 25 mm and 75 μm, followed by the “alternative” system of 1 in. and No. 200, respectively. 1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 , unless superseded by this test method. 1.7.1 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal of significant digits in the specified limits. 1.7.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is used to determine the density and water content of compacted soils placed during the construction of earth embankments, road fill, and structural backfill. It often is used as a basis of acceptance for soils compacted to a specified density or percentage of a maximum dry density determined by a test method, such as Test Method D698 or D1557 . 5.1.1 Test Methods D698 and D1557 require that mass measurements of laboratory compacted test specimens be determined to the nearest 1 g, so that computed water contents and densities can be reported to three and four significant digits, respectively. This standard is a field procedure requiring mass measurements to the nearest 0.01 lbm [5 g]. As such, water content calculations should only be reported to nearest 1 % and density to three significant digits. 5.2 This test method can also be used to determine the in-place density of natural soil deposits, aggregates, soil mixtures, or other similar material. 5.3 The use of this test method is generally limited to soil in an unsaturated condition. This test method is not recommended for soils that are soft or friable (crumble easily) or in moisture conditions such that water seeps into the hand excavated hole. The precision of the test may be affected for soils that deform easily or that may undergo a volume change in the excavated hole from vibration, or from standing or walking near the hole during the test (see Note 1 ). Note 1: When testing in soft conditions or in soils near saturation, volume changes may occur in the excavated hole as a result of surface loading, personnel performing the test, and the like. This can sometimes be avoided by the use of a platform that is supported some distance from the hole. As it is not always possible to detect when a volume change has taken place, test results should always be compared to the theoretical saturation density, or the zero air voids line on the dry density versus water content plot. Any in-place density test on compacted soils that calculates to be more than 95 % saturation is suspect and an error has probably occurred, or the volume of the hole has changed during testing. Note 2: The quality of the test result produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some, but not all, of those factors.