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Part 1: Recent Studies of Cracking During Postwelding Heat Treatment of Nickel-Base Alloys: Evaluating the Resistance of Rene' 41 to Strain-Age Cracking 第1部分:镍基合金焊后热处理期间裂纹的最新研究:评估Rene’41的应变时效裂纹抗力
报道了一种在焊后热处理过程中准确、定量地评估Rene’41耐应变时效开裂性能的方法。该程序只需要常规实验室设备,不需要焊接设备。现在可以在将Rene’41引入生产线之前,确定其耐热性,以防止应变时效开裂,并评估材料和工艺变量对应变时效开裂的影响。 研究了焊缝、母材和模拟焊缝热影响区的力学性能。结果发现,对应变的抵抗力- 时效开裂与每炉在高温下的延展性有关。为了进行试验,首先对拉伸试样进行固溶退火和水淬处理,并将加热至试验温度的速率保持在规定极限之间。在固溶退火条件下,1500至1650°F温度下的延展性越高,抗应变时效开裂的能力越强。然而,在此温度区间内,所有炉次的延展性仅在1%到4%的范围内,必须精确测定断裂伸长率。得出的结论是,发生了某种形式的脆化,尽管Rene’41的所有炉次都已脆化,但其严重程度以及因此对应变开裂的抵抗力因炉次而异。 将合金暴露在接近熔点的温度下(如焊缝的热影响区)会降低延展性,但脆化不是必需的。一般而言,应变时效裂纹似乎与Rene’41的物理冶金有关,而不仅仅与热影响区的微观结构有关。未发现强度和耐松弛性的热-热变化与耐应变时效开裂的差异有关。
A procedure for accurately and quantitatively evaluating the resistance of Rene' 41 to strain-age cracking during postwelding heat treatment is reported. The procedure requires only conventional laboratory equipment and welding facilities are not necessary. It is now possible to determine the resistance of heats of Rene' 41 to strain-age cracking prior to their introduction into production lines, and to evaluate the effects of material and process variables on strain-age cracking. The mechanical properties of welds, parent-metal, and simulated weld heat-affected zones were studied. It was found that resistance to strain-age cracking was related to the ductility of each heat at elevated temperatures. To perform the test, tensile specimens were first solution annealed and water quenched, and the heating rate to the test temperature was held between specified limits. In the solution annealed condition, the higher the ductility at temperatures from 1500 to 1650°F, the greater the resistance to strain-age cracking. However, over this interval of temperatures the ductilities of all heats were in the range of only 1 to 4%, and the elongation at fracture had to be precisely determined. It was concluded that some form of embrittlement occurs and, while all heats of Rene' 41 are embrittled, the severity, and hence the resistance to strainage cracking differs from heat to heat. Exposure of the alloy to temperatures close to the melting point, as occurs in the heat-affected zone of a weld, reduces ductility, but is not necessary for embrittlement. Strain-age cracking appears to be related to the physical metallurgy of Rene' 41 in general, and not just to the microstructure of the heataffected zone. Heat to heat variations in strength and resistance to relaxation were not found to be related to differences in resistance to strain-age cracking.
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