1.1 本指南描述了声学遥感在测量大气风和湍流剖面中的应用。其中包括大气声探测和测距（sodar）基本原理的总结，sodar应用中使用的方法和设备的描述，选址和设备安装期间需要考虑的因素，以及获取有效和相关数据的推荐程序。 1.2 本指南主要适用于应用于开放大气中的风和湍流测量的脉冲单站sodar技术，尽管许多定义和原则也适用于双基地配置。本指南不直接适用于收音机- 声学探测系统（RASS）或层析成像方法。 1.3 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本指南中不包括其他测量单位。 1.4 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.5 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 SODAR在大气中风和湍流廓线的远程测量方面有着广泛的应用，特别是在气象塔和风廓线雷达的较低距离门之间的间隙中。sodar的远场声功率也用于折射率计算，并估计大气稳定性、热流和混合层深度( 1- 5. ). 3. SODAR在这些方面很有用，因为声波与大气的热微结构和速度微结构之间存在强烈的相互作用，这些结构可以产生具有显著信噪比（SNR）的声回波。返回的回波是多普勒频移的。该频移与散射表面的径向速度成正比，为风测量提供了基础。 sodar测风技术提供的优势包括合理的低采购、运行和维护成本，无需频率间隙的损伤眼睛的光束或电磁辐射的发射，以及可用于在所需范围和范围分辨率下优化数据质量的可调频率和脉冲长度。如果正确定位并使用适当的采样方法，sodars可以在几十米到一公里的高度范围内提供连续的风和湍流剖面信息，典型的平均周期为1到60分钟。

1.1 This guide describes the application of acoustic remote sensing for measuring atmospheric wind and turbulence profiles. It includes a summary of the fundamentals of atmospheric sound detection and ranging (sodar), a description of the methodology and equipment used for sodar applications, factors to consider during site selection and equipment installation, and recommended procedures for acquiring valid and relevant data. 1.2 This guide applies principally to pulsed monostatic sodar techniques as applied to wind and turbulence measurement in the open atmosphere, although many of the definitions and principles are also applicable to bistatic configurations. This guide is not directly applicable to radio-acoustic sounding systems (RASS), or tomographic methods. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this guide. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Sodars have found wide applications for the remote measurement of wind and turbulence profiles in the atmosphere, particularly in the gap between meteorological towers and the lower range gates of wind profiling radars. The sodar’s far field acoustic power is also used for refractive index calculations and to estimate atmospheric stability, heat flux, and mixed layer depth ( 1- 5 ). 3 Sodars are useful for these purposes because of strong interaction between sound waves and the atmosphere’s thermal and velocity micro-structure that produce acoustic returns with substantial signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The returned echoes are Doppler-shifted in frequency. This frequency shift, proportional to the radial velocity of the scattering surface, provides the basis for wind measurement. Advantages offered by sodar wind sounding technology include reasonably low procurement, operating, and maintenance costs, no emissions of eye-damaging light beams or electromagnetic radiation requiring frequency clearances, and adjustable frequencies and pulse lengths that can be used to optimize data quality at desired ranges and range resolutions. When properly sited and used with adequate sampling methods, sodars can provide continuous wind and turbulence profile information at height ranges from a few tens of meters to over a kilometer for typical averaging periods of 1 to 60 minutes.