1.1 本规程描述了使用手动桶式螺旋钻（有时称为桶式螺旋钻）收集表面和地下土壤及受污染介质样本以进行化学分析的程序和设备。有几种类型的斗式螺旋钻，用于对各种类型的土壤进行采样。所有斗式螺旋钻收集扰动样本。斗式螺旋钻也可用于螺旋钻至所需的采样深度，然后使用芯型取样器收集适合化学分析的相对未受干扰的样品。 1.2 本规程不包括使用由大型钻机或类似设备（如实践中所述）机械操作的300 mm或更大直径斗式螺旋钻 D1452/D1452M ，第5.2.4段。实践 D1452/D1452M 螺旋钻钻孔指规程D6907中包含的手动螺旋钻，作为筒式螺旋钻。 1.3 参考指南 D4700 和 D6232 有关另一方面取样器的信息。斗式螺旋钻通常用于浅表土壤采样，但还有许多其他类型的手持式螺旋钻、飞行式、螺旋式、旋转动力和农业推管取样器。实践 D1452/D1452M 介绍了更大功率的实心杆飞行螺旋钻系统。 1.4 本标准不涉及通过机械钻孔、直接推动和声波机器获得的土壤样本（参考指南 D6286/D6286M 和 D6169/D6169M )或用于从水下沉积物中收集岩芯（指南 D4823 ). 1.5 本规程不涉及采样目标（见规程 D5792 )，一般样本规划（参见指南 D4687 )，以及采样设计（例如，在何处采集样本以及采样深度（参见指南 D6044 )). 挥发性有机化合物的取样（见指南 D4547 )、设备清洁和去污（见实践 D5088 )，采集后的样本处理，如合成和二次采样（见指南 D6051 )和样品保存（指南 D4220/D4220M )在本标准中使用。 1.6 单位- 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 以国际单位制以外的单位报告试验结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.7 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。并非本惯例的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.8 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.9 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 斗式螺旋输送器( 图1 )相对便宜，容易获得，根据待采样介质的不同，有不同类型，并且大多数可以由一个人轻松操作。 他们收集表面或地下土壤或废物的合理圆柱形但受到干扰的样本。它们通常不适用于砾石或较粗土壤的采样，也不适用于岩石的采样。还有其他设计的手动螺旋钻，如Edelman螺旋钻，用于回收废物、沙子、泥炭和泥浆等困难材料。 图1 斗式螺旋输送器 5.2 斗式螺旋钻是常用的设备，因为其操作成本较低，尤其是与动力设备（即直接推动式和钻机）相比。根据螺旋钻（导向器）进行评估时 D4700 )斗式螺旋钻通常收集较大的样本，与浅层土壤混合的机会较小，因为样本保留在螺旋钻斗内。 斗式螺旋钻通常用于深度为3 m，但根据土壤或废物特性，已被用于更大的深度。通常，斗式螺旋钻可以在地下水位以下的非饱和土壤和饱和粘土中保持开孔。饱和砂土将在地下水位和栖息带下方下陷，无粘性干砂也可能下陷。取样深度受旋转螺旋钻所需的力和钻孔塌陷深度的限制（除非使用了钻孔套管或衬套）。 5.3 斗式螺旋输送器可能不适合收集用于测定挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的样品，因为样品在收集过程中受到干扰并暴露在大气中，这可能导致损失，导致化学上不具代表性的样品。 5.4 如果需要VOC分析，则使用斗式螺旋钻达到所需的样品深度，可以使用刨床螺旋钻清洁孔的底部，并使用锤击驱动管取样器( 图2 )可以在孔的底部使用。驱动管取样器可以密封并加盖。参考指南 D4547 关于挥发性有机化合物土壤芯直接二次采样的实践。未装满且含有干扰物质且暴露在空气中的驱动管可能无法提供准确的VOC数据。为了获得最佳结果，可以从管中挤出岩芯样品，并立即进行二次取样。 图2 土芯取样器系统

1.1 This practice describes the procedures and equipment used to collect surface and subsurface soil and contaminated media samples for chemical analysis using a hand-operated bucket auger (sometimes referred to as a barrel auger). Several types of bucket augers exist and are designed for sampling various types of soil. All bucket augers collect disturbed samples. Bucket augers can also be used to auger to the desired sampling depth and then, using a core-type sampler, collect a relatively undisturbed sample suitable for chemical analysis. 1.2 This practice does not cover the use of large 300 mm or greater diameter bucket augers mechanically operated by large drill rigs or similar equipment, such as those described in Practice D1452/D1452M , paragraph 5.2.4. Practice D1452/D1452M on auger borings refers to this hand auger included in Practice D6907 as a barrel auger. 1.3 Refer to Guides D4700 and D6232 for information on other hand samplers. The bucket auger is often used for shallow surface soil sampling, but there are many other types of handheld augers, flight, screw, rotary powered, and agricultural push tube samplers. Practice D1452/D1452M addresses larger powered solid stem flight auger systems. 1.4 This standard does not address soil samples obtained with mechanical drilling, direct push, and sonic machines (refer to Guides D6286/D6286M and D6169/D6169M ) or for collecting cores from submerged sediments (Guide D4823 ). 1.5 This practice does not address sampling objectives (see Practice D5792 ), general sample planning (see Guide D4687 ), and sampling design (for example, where to collect samples and what depth to sample (see Guide D6044 )). Sampling for volatile organic compounds (see Guide D4547 ), equipment cleaning and decontamination (see Practice D5088 ), sample handling after collection such as compositing and subsampling (see Guide D6051 ), and sample preservation (Guide D4220/D4220M ) are used in this standard. 1.6 Units— The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Bucket augers ( Fig. 1 ) are relatively inexpensive, readily available, available in different types depending on the media to be sampled, and most can be easily operated by one person. They collect a reasonably cylindrical but disturbed sample of surface or subsurface soil or waste. They are generally not suited for sampling gravelly or coarser soil and are unsuitable for sampling rock. There are other designs of hand augers, such as the Edelman auger, used to retrieve difficult materials such as waste, sands, peat, and mud. FIG. 1 Bucket Auger 5.2 Bucket augers are commonly used equipment because they are inexpensive to operate, especially compared to powered equipment (that is, direct push and drill rigs). When evaluated against screw augers (Guide D4700 ), bucket augers generally collect larger samples with less chance of mixing with soil from shallow depths because the sample is retained within the auger bucket. Bucket augers are commonly used to depths of 3 m but have been used to much greater depths depending upon the soil or waste characteristics. In general, bucket augers can maintain open holes in unsaturated soils and saturated clay soils below the water table. Saturated sands will cave below the water table and perched zones and cohesionless dry sands may also cave. The sampling depth is limited by the force required to rotate the auger and the depth at which the bore hole collapses (unless bore casings or liners are used). 5.3 Bucket augers may not be suitable for the collection of samples for determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) because the sample is disturbed and exposed to atmosphere during the collection process, which may lead to losses resulting in a chemically unrepresentative sample. 5.4 If VOC analysis is required, the bucket auger is used to reach the desired sample depth, a planer auger can be used to clean the base of the hole, and a hammered drive tube sampler ( Fig. 2 ) can be used at the bottom of the hole. Drive tube samplers can be sealed and capped. Consult Guide D4547 on practices for immediate subsampling of soil cores for VOCs. Drive tubes that are not full and contain disturbed material and are exposed to air may not provide accurate VOC data. For the best results, the core sample can be extruded from the tube and immediately subsampled. FIG. 2 Soil Core Sampler System