本文描述了平衡设计中固定效应模型的单向和双向方差分析（ANOVA）的必要步骤。本文件不包括不平衡设计、随机效应和嵌套设计模式。 本文件提供了通过将观察到的总体方差分为不同部分来分析组间均值差异的示例。来自不同领域的几幅插图以不同的侧重点说明了方差分析的程序。

This document describes the necessary steps of the one-way and two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) for fixed effect models in balanced design. Unbalanced design, random effects and nested design patterns are not included in this document. This document provides examples to analyse the differences among group means by splitting the overall observed variance into different parts. Several illustrations from different fields with different emphasis suggest the procedure of the analysis of variance.