1.1 这些实践描述了使用电气方法定位覆盖有液体、土工材料、废物和/或沉积在土工膜上的任何材料的土工膜泄漏的标准程序。 1.2 这些做法旨在确保永久性泄漏检测和定位系统是有效的，这可以导致完全的密封（土工膜中没有泄漏）。 1.3 并非所有现场都能容易地采用这种方法，但可以进行一些准备工作，以便在第节中概述的几乎任何现场使用这种方法 6. 。如果无法达到（或设计出）理想的测试条件，仍然可以执行该方法，但必须记录现场条件的任何问题。 1.4 用于电气泄漏检测和定位的永久监测系统可用于安装在水池、池塘、储罐、矿石和废物垫、垃圾填埋池、垃圾填埋盖和其他遏制设施（包括土木工程结构）中的土工膜。该程序适用于由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、氯磺化聚乙烯、沥青材料和其他充分电绝缘材料制成的土工膜。 1.5 任何永久性电气监测系统都必须检测到通过土工膜发生的泄漏，并且从概念的性质来看，它必须比被监测的土工膜持续更长的时间。因此，对于位于土工膜上方的传感器，所有埋置部件以及机械和电气连接必须由与土工膜相同的材料制成，或者对于位于监测土工膜下方的传感器，必须由寿命更长的材料制成。 1.6 永久性电气监测系统由标称空间分隔的大网格垫组成，或由位于土工膜下方或土工膜上方或两个位置（土工膜的下方和上方）的传感器网格组成。 在特定情况下，传感器可以仅位于被监控的有内衬设施的周边。 1.7 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.8 土工膜泄漏定位所用的电气方法只能由合格且有经验的人员尝试。应采取适当的安全措施来保护泄漏位置的操作员以及现场的其他人员。 1.9 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 土工膜被用作不可渗透的屏障，以防止液体从垃圾填埋场、池塘和其他封闭设施中泄漏。此外，土工膜还用于防止外部液体泄漏到这些类型的设施中（例如，浮盖、垃圾填埋场盖和储罐的屋顶）。液体中可能含有污染物，如果释放这些污染物，可能会对环境造成损害或对防止泄漏到设施中的内容物造成损害。 在垃圾填埋场盖的情况下，泄漏会增加垃圾填埋场产生的渗滤液量。泄漏的液体会侵蚀路基，造成进一步的损坏。泄漏可能导致产品损失，或以其他方式阻止安装达到预期的遏制目的。出于这些原因，希望土工膜具有尽可能小的泄漏。 4.2 土工膜泄漏可能由路基质量差、铺设在土工膜上的材料质量差、事故、工艺差、制造缺陷和疏忽造成。 4.3 只有水覆盖的土工膜发生泄漏的最主要原因与施工活动有关，包括放置在土工膜上的泵和设备、意外穿孔、土工膜或路基上的岩石或碎片上的交通造成的穿孔，以及填充过程中沉降造成的破裂。 4.4 覆盖土工材料的土工膜泄漏的最重要原因是在土工膜上铺设土工材料时机械造成的施工损坏。 这种损坏也可能破坏内衬系统的附加层，例如土工合成粘土内衬。 4.5 作为一种实用措施，其他电气泄漏定位方法（参见指南 D6747 )应与永久监测系统结合使用，以消除已安装土工膜中的泄漏，作为设施建设的一部分。这种方法必须包括在覆盖之前和调试永久监测系统之前对暴露的土工膜进行测试。然后，永久监测系统可以与其他覆盖土工膜测试方法结合使用，以快速检测和定位覆盖过程中引起的所有泄漏。 4.6 在土工膜的整个使用寿命期间，使用永久性电气泄漏位置监测方法首先检测泄漏，然后定位泄漏进行修复。它们的设计目的是在施工阶段结束时、运行和关闭阶段检测和定位泄漏，并监测关闭后的任何阶段。这些实践可以在施工阶段结束时测量结束时轻松实现零泄漏条件。然而，如果没有遵守测量区域准备和测试程序的任何要求，那么在施工阶段完成测量后，土工膜中可能会残留泄漏。 在某些场地上，这可能不可行，但场地设计得越接近（并按照设计精心建造），就越接近理想的零泄漏条件。 4.7 通过电气泄漏定位系统监测设施的整个使用寿命，可以修复检测到的泄漏。通常，进行维修的困难被认为是不采用这种方法的原因。然而，历史表明，为了最大限度地减少后期补救工作，最好是通过修复现场某个部分的泄漏，而不是完全挖掘并将（例如废物）转移到新的现场。 4.8 永久性漏电位置监测系统的使用时间必须比其设计用于监测的土工膜更长，否则将无法检测到由该材料降解引起的故障。为了实现这一点，所有埋置部件和相关的电气连接必须以实现这一目标的方式进行设计，此外还必须避免埋置部件的金属腐蚀和/或关键连接。

1.1 These practices describe standard procedures for using electrical methods to locate leaks in geomembranes covered with liquid, earthen materials, waste, and/or any material deposited on the geomembrane. 1.2 These practices are intended to ensure that permanent leak detection and location systems are effective, which can result in complete containment (no leaks in the geomembrane). 1.3 Not all sites will be easily amenable to this method, but some preparation can be performed in order to enable this method at nearly any site as outlined in Section 6 . If ideal testing conditions cannot be achieved (or designed out), the method can still be performed, but any issues with site conditions must be documented. 1.4 Permanent monitoring systems for electrical leak detection and location can be used on geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, and other containment facilities including civil engineering structures. The procedures are applicable for geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous material, and other sufficiently electrically insulating materials. 1.5 Any permanent electrical monitoring system must detect the occurrence of a leak through the geomembrane, and it must last longer than the monitored geomembrane by nature of the concept. Therefore, all buried components and mechanical and electrical connections must be made of material either the same as the geomembrane, in case of sensors situated above geomembrane, or made from a material with a longer lifespan in cases where they are situated under the monitored geomembrane. 1.6 Permanent electrical monitoring systems are comprised of either large mesh pads separated by nominal spaces, or a grid of sensors situated either below the geomembrane or above the geomembrane or in both positions (below and above the geomembrane). In specific cases, sensors may be situated only at the perimeter of the monitored lined facility. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 The electrical methods used for geomembrane leak location should be attempted only by qualified and experienced personnel. Appropriate safety measures should be taken to protect the leak location operators, as well as other people at the site. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Geomembranes are used as impermeable barriers to prevent liquids leaking out of landfills, ponds, and other containment facilities. In addition, geomembranes are also used to prevent external liquids leaking into to these types of facilities (for example, floating covers, landfill caps, and roofs of storage tanks). The liquids may contain contaminants that, if released, can cause damage to the environment or damage to the contents where protection is against leakage into the facility. In the case of a landfill cap, leakage increases the amount of leachate that the landfill can produce. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose. For these reasons, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical. 4.2 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness. 4.3 The most significant causes of leaks in geomembranes that are covered with only water are related to construction activities, including pumps and equipment placed on the geomembrane, accidental punctures, punctures caused by traffic over rocks or debris on the geomembrane or in the subgrade, and ruptures caused by settlement during filling. 4.4 The most significant cause of leaks in geomembranes covered with earthen materials is construction damage caused by machinery that occurs while placing the earthen material on the geomembrane. Such damage also can breach additional layers of the lining system such as geosynthetic clay liners. 4.5 As a practical measure, other electrical leak location methods (see Guide D6747 ) should be used in conjunction with the permanent monitoring system to eliminate leaks in the installed geomembrane(s) as part of facility construction. Such methods must include testing of the exposed geomembrane before covering and before commissioning a permanent monitoring system. Then the permanent monitoring system can be used in conjunction with other cover geomembrane testing methods to quickly detect and locate all leaks caused by the covering process. 4.6 Permanent electric leak location monitoring methods are used to first detect and then subsequently locate leaks for repair during the whole life of the geomembrane. They are designed to detect and locate leaks at the end of the construction phase and during the operational and closure phases and also to monitor any post-closure phases. These practices can easily achieve a zero-leak condition at the conclusion of the measurement(s) at the end of the construction phase. If any of the requirements for measurement area preparation and testing procedures is not adhered to, however, then leaks can remain in the geomembrane after the construction phase completion measurement. On some sites it may not be practicable to achieve, but the closer the site can be designed (and carefully constructed to that design), the closer it will reach the ideal zero-leak condition. 4.7 Through the life of the facility monitored by an electric leak location system, leaks that are detected can be repaired. Often the difficulties of carrying out a repair are cited as a reason for not applying this method. However, history has shown that it may be better to know, in order to minimize late-life remedial work, by repairing leaks in a sector of a site rather than entirely exhuming and relocating (waste, for example) to a new site. 4.8 A permanent electric leak location monitoring system must last longer than the geomembrane it is designed to monitor, otherwise failure caused by degradation of that material will not be detected. To achieve this, all buried components and the associated electrical connections must be designed in such a way as to achieve this and additionally must avoid metallic corrosion of the buried components and/or critical connections.