荷兰三分之二的饮用水来自地下水，在没有化学消毒剂的情况下进行处理和分配。三分之一来自地表水，微生物和污染物通过多重屏障被清除。地表水的消毒剂残留量较低，在分配过程中迅速消失。为了防止供水系统中的微生物再污染和再生，各公司在处理和分配系统中依靠一系列措施。通过将生物稳定的饮用水分配到由生物稳定材料构成的清洁系统中，防止再生受到限制。 本文总结了荷兰为实现生物稳定性而采取的方法，并描述了用于评估饮用水中营养素浓度的工具。

Two thirds of the drinking water in the Netherlands originates from groundwater and is treated and distributed without a chemical disinfectant. One third originates from surface water from which microorganisms and contaminants are removed by multiple barriers. Surface water is distributed with a low disinfectant residual which rapidly disappears during distribution. In order to prevent microbial recontamination and regrowth in the water supply, companies rely on a series of measures during treatment and in distribution systems. Prevention of regrowth is limited by distributing biologically stable drinking water in clean systems constructed of biologically stable materials. This paper summarizes the approach that is taken in the Netherlands to achieve biological stability and describes the tools which have been developed to assess the concentrations of nutrients in drinking water.