1.1 本指南涉及沉积物补救活动之前（基线监测）、期间（补救实施监测）和之后（补救后监测）的纠正措施监测。它不涉及补救调查、补救前风险评估和设计前调查期间进行的监测。 1.2 沉积物监测计划（基线、补救措施实施和补救后）通常用于根据各种监管计划执行的受污染沉积物纠正措施，包括《综合环境响应、赔偿和责任法》（CERCLA）。尽管本指南中引用的许多参考文献都是以CERCLA为导向的，但本指南适用于根据地方、州、部落、联邦和国际纠正行动计划执行的纠正行动。 但是，本指南并未对每个管辖区的监控程序要求或现有指南进行详细说明。本指南旨在为地方、州、部落、联邦或国际机构制定的指南提供信息、补充和支持，但不取代这些指南。 1.3 本指南提供了一个框架，其中包括广泛接受的监测沉积物补救效果的考虑因素和最佳实践。 1.4 本指南与其他几个指南相关。指导 E3240 概述了基于沉积物风险的纠正措施（RBCA）过程，包括风险评估的作用和代表性背景。指导 E3163 讨论了在沉积物监测项目中对各种介质（如沉积物、孔隙水、地表水和生物群组织）中的潜在关注污染物（PCOCs）进行化学分析的适当实验室方法； 还讨论了生物检测和社区评估。指导 E3382 描述了确定受污染沉积物场地的代表性背景浓度的总体框架（包括概念场地模型[CSM]考虑因素）；辅助线 E3344 （选择具有代表性的背景参考领域的方法）和 E3242 （用于制定沉积物现场代表性背景浓度的统计和化学方法）补充指南 E3382 。 1.5 单位-- 以SI或CGS单位表示的数值应视为标准。本标准中不包括其他计量单位。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ===意义和用途====== 4.1 预期用户: 4.1.1 本指南可供参与沉积物纠正行动计划的各方使用，包括监管机构、项目发起人、环境顾问、毒理学家、风险评估师、现场修复专业人员、环境承包商和其他利益相关者。 4.2 参考材料: 4.2.1 本指南应与中列出的其他ASTM指南一起使用 2.1 （尤其是指南 E3163 ， E3240 ， E3242 ， E3344 和 E3382 )，以及参考资料部分中的材料。 4.3 灵活的现场具体实施: 4.3.1 本指南提供了一个系统但灵活的框架，以适应监管机构和用户根据项目目标、场地复杂性、独特场地特征、监管要求、新制定的指南、新发布的科学研究、监管标准的变化、科学知识和技术能力的进步，以及不可预见的情况。 4.3.1.1 本指南提供了一个基于- 用户应根据特定场地条件、监管背景和沉积物纠正措施目标定制的主要特征和元素。 4.3.1.2 该指南的实施是针对具体地点的。用户可以选择为特定站点，特别是较小、不太复杂的站点定制指南的实现。 4.3.1.3 本指南不应单独用作规定性检查表。 4.3.2 鼓励本指南的用户（在需要时）更新和完善概念场地模型、项目工作计划和项目报告，用于描述沉积物纠正措施项目的物理特性、化学成分和产状、生物特征和环境条件。 4.4 监管框架: 4.4.1 本指南适用于广泛的地方、州、部落、联邦或国际司法管辖区，每个司法管辖区都有自己独特的监管框架。因此，本指南不提供与任何这些监管框架相关的要求或指导的详细讨论，也不打算取代适用的法规和指导。本指南的用户需要了解（并遵守）正在执行工作的司法管辖区的监管要求和指南。 4.5 系统的项目规划和范围界定过程: 4.5.1 在应用本指南时，用户应进行系统的项目规划和范围界定过程，以收集信息，帮助制作网站- 针对特定项目的具体、用户定义的决策，包括组建一支经验丰富的项目专业团队。这些从业者应具备适当的专业知识，以确定、规划和执行沉积物监测计划。该团队可能包括但不限于项目发起人、环境顾问、毒理学家、现场修复专业人员、分析化学家、地球化学家和统计学家。 4.6 利益相关者参与: 4.6.1 鼓励本指南的用户尽早并经常参与项目规划和范围界定过程中的关键利益相关者，特别是监管机构、项目赞助商和服务提供商。随着项目的进展，用户应做出协调一致的持续努力，不断与利益相关者接触，以获得洞察力、技术支持和投入，从而解决项目实施过程中可能出现的技术问题和挑战。 4.7 其他注意事项: 4.7.1 本指南未详细介绍沉积物现场基于风险的纠正措施的总体流程。指导 E3240 包含了有关这一进程的大量信息。 4.7.2 沉积物取样和实验室分析未作详细说明。指导 E3163 包含有关沉积物取样和实验室分析方法的大量信息。 4.7.3 本指南未详细介绍沉积物现场的代表性背景浓度。辅助线 E3242 ， E3344 和 E3382 包含有关该主题的大量信息。 4.7.4 在本指南中，“沉淀物”( 3.1.15 )被定义为在水体底部发现的基质。 沉积成因的高地土壤在本指南中不被视为沉积物。 4.7.5 在本指南中，仅考虑了COC浓度。残留本底放射性超出范围。 4.8 本指南的结构和组成部分: 4.8.1 本指南的用户应在继续使用前审查本指南的总体结构和组成部分，包括: 部分 1. 范围 部分 2. 参考文件 部分 3. 术语 部分 4. 意义和用途 部分 5. 通用监控程序的组成部分 部分 6. 沉积物现场监测程序的一般注意事项 部分 7. 沉积物修复行动监测计划的类型 部分 8. 基线监测程序: 一般注意事项 部分 9 补救措施实施监测计划:一般注意事项 部分 10 补救措施后监测程序:一般注意事项和程序规划示例 部分 11 关键词 附录X1 监控程序开发、数据质量目标开发和数据过程统计分析的探讨 附录X2 案例研究:沉积物修复活动监测 参考文献

1.1 This guide pertains to corrective action monitoring before (baseline monitoring), during (remedy implementation monitoring) and after (post-remedy monitoring) sediment remedial activities. It does not address monitoring performed during remedial investigations, pre-remedial risk assessments, and pre-design investigations. 1.2 Sediment monitoring programs (baseline, remedy implementation and post-remedy) are typically used in contaminated sediment corrective actions performed under various regulatory programs, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Although many of the references cited in this guide are CERCLA-oriented, the guide is applicable to corrective actions performed under local, state, tribal, federal, and international corrective action programs. However, this guide does not provide a detailed description of the monitoring program requirements or existing guidance for each jurisdiction. This guide is intended to inform, complement, and support but not supersede the guidelines established by local, state, tribal, federal, or international agencies. 1.3 This guide provides a framework, which includes widely accepted considerations and best practices for monitoring sediment remedy efficacy. 1.4 This guide is related to several other guides. Guide E3240 provides an overview of the sediment risk-based corrective action (RBCA) process, including the role of risk assessment and representative background. Guide E3163 discusses appropriate laboratory methodologies to use for the chemical analysis of potential contaminants of concern (PCOCs) in various media (such as, sediment, porewater, surface water and biota tissue) taken during sediment monitoring programs; it also discusses biological testing and community assessment. Guide E3382 describes the overall framework to determine representative background concentrations (including Conceptual Site Model [CSM] considerations) for a contaminated sediment site; Guides E3344 (methodologies for selecting representative background reference areas) and E3242 (statistical and chemical methodologies used in developing representative background concentrations for a sediment site) complement Guide E3382 . 1.5 Units— The values stated in SI or CGS units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Intended Users: 4.1.1 This guide may be used by various parties involved in sediment corrective action programs, including regulatory agencies, project sponsors, environmental consultants, toxicologists, risk assessors, site remediation professionals, environmental contractors, and other stakeholders. 4.2 Reference Material: 4.2.1 This guide should be used in conjunction with other ASTM guides listed in 2.1 (especially Guides E3163 , E3240 , E3242 , E3344 and E3382 ), as well as the material in the References section. 4.3 Flexible Site-Specific Implementation: 4.3.1 This guide provides a systematic but flexible framework to accommodate variations in approaches by regulatory agencies and by the user based on project objectives, site complexity, unique site features, regulatory requirements, newly developed guidance, newly published scientific research, changes in regulatory criteria, advances in scientific knowledge and technical capability, and unforeseen circumstances. 4.3.1.1 This guide provides a monitoring plan development, execution and analysis framework based on over-arching features and elements that should be customized by the user based on site-specific conditions, regulatory context, and sediment corrective action objectives. 4.3.1.2 Implementation of the guide is site-specific. The user may choose to customize the implementation of the guide for a particular site, especially smaller, less complex sites. 4.3.1.3 This guide should not be used alone as a prescriptive checklist. 4.3.2 The users of this guide are encouraged to update and refine (when needed) the conceptual site model, Project Work Plans and Project Reports used to describe the physical properties, chemical composition and occurrence, biologic features, and environmental conditions of the sediment corrective action project. 4.4 Regulatory Frameworks: 4.4.1 This guide is intended to be applicable to a broad range of local, state, tribal, federal, or international jurisdictions, each with its own unique regulatory framework. As such, this guide does not provide a detailed discussion of the requirements or guidance associated with any of these regulatory frameworks, nor is it intended to supersede applicable regulations and guidance. The user of this guide will need to be aware of (and comply with) the regulatory requirements and guidance in the jurisdiction where the work is being performed. 4.5 Systematic Project Planning and Scoping Process: 4.5.1 When applying this guide, the user should undertake a systematic project planning and scoping process to collect information to assist in making site-specific, user-defined decisions for a particular project, including assembling an experienced team of project professionals. These practitioners should have the appropriate expertise to scope, plan, and execute a sediment monitoring program. This team may include, but is not limited to, project sponsors, environmental consultants, toxicologists, site remediation professionals, analytical chemists, geochemists, and statisticians. 4.6 Stakeholder Engagement: 4.6.1 The users of this guide are encouraged to engage key stakeholders early and often in the project planning and scoping process, especially regulators, project sponsors, and service providers. A concerted ongoing effort should be made by the user to continuously engage stakeholders as the project progresses in order to gain insight, technical support and input for resolving technical issues and challenges that may arise during project implementation. 4.7 Other Considerations: 4.7.1 The over-arching process for risk-based corrective action a sediment sites is not covered in detail in this guide. Guide E3240 contains extensive information concerning that process. 4.7.2 Sediment sampling and laboratory analyses is not covered in detail. Guide E3163 contain extensive information concerning sediment sampling and laboratory analysis methodologies. 4.7.3 Developing representative background concentrations for the sediment site is not covered in detail in this guide. Guides E3242 , E3344 and E3382 contain extensive information concerning that topic. 4.7.4 In this guide, “sediment” ( 3.1.15 ) is defined as a matrix being found at the bottom of a water body. Upland soils of sedimentary origin are excluded from consideration as sediment in this guide. 4.7.5 In this guide, only COC concentrations are considered. Residual background radioactivity is out of scope. 4.8 Structure and Components of This Guide: 4.8.1 The user of this guide should review the overall structure and components of this guide before proceeding with use, including: Section 1 Scope Section 2 Referenced Documents Section 3 Terminology Section 4 Significance and Use Section 5 Components of a Generic Monitoring Program Section 6 Generic Considerations for Sediment Site Monitoring Programs Section 7 Types of Sediment Remedial Action Monitoring Programs Section 8 Baseline Monitoring Programs: General Considerations Section 9 Remedy Implementation Monitoring Programs: General Considerations Section 10 Post-Remedy Monitoring Programs: General Considerations and Program Planning Examples Section 11 Keywords Appendix X1 Discussion of Monitoring Program Development, Data Quality Objective Development and Statistical Analysis of Data Processes Appendix X2 Case Study: Monitoring of Sediment Remediation Activities References