1.1 本试验方法包括使用Martindale测试仪测定织物上的丸状物形成阻力和其他相关表面变化。 注1: 对于其他方法，如果测试纺织品的抗起球性，请参考测试方法 D3511/D3511米 , D3512/D3512米 和 第3514页 . 1.2 该试验方法通常适用于针织、机织和非织造织物；然而，由于试样架的容量，材料厚度可能会限制测试的适用性。 1.3 根据相关方的约定，织物可在测试前进行清洗或干洗。 1.4 以国际单位制或英寸磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不完全相等；因此，每个系统应独立使用。 合并两个系统的值可能导致不符合标准。 1.5 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《国际标准、指南和建议制定原则决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 5.1 验收测试- 这种测试织物抗起球性的方法不建议用于验收测试。 如果用于验收测试，应谨慎使用，因为实验室间数据不可用。在某些情况下，买方或供应商可能必须采用最佳可用方法测试一种或多种特定材料的商业装运，即使该方法未被推荐用于验收测试。虽然这种测试方法不建议用于验收测试，但它是有用的，因为它在美国以外地区广泛使用 . 5.2 如果在使用本试验方法时，买方和供应商报告的值存在差异，则应根据从一个被评估类型的材料样本中随机抽取的试样进行比较，确定买方实验室和供应商实验室之间的统计偏差（如有）。 建议为调查偏差提供合格的统计协助。至少有两方应取一组尽可能均匀的试样，这些试样来自所述类型的大量材料。然后，应将相同数量的试样随机分配给每个实验室进行测试。测试开始前，应使用双方选择的可接受统计协议和概率水平，比较两个实验室的平均测试结果。当采购商和供应商不能达成一致时，必须使用适当的统计准则来比较数据。如果发现偏差，必须找到并纠正其原因，或者买方和供应商必须同意在考虑已知偏差的情况下解释未来结果。 5.3 织物的起球是一个非常复杂的特性，因为它受到许多因素的影响，包括纤维或混纺物的类型、纤维尺寸、纱线和织物结构以及织物整理处理。与经过受控实验室测试的复制织物样品相比，特定织物在实际穿着中的抗起球性随一般使用条件和个体穿着者的变化更大。在采用一系列标准的可接受程度时，应牢记这一经验。 5.4 整理和织物表面变化可能对起球产生很大影响。织物可在收到时或翻新后进行测试，或两者兼而有之（洗涤或干洗，或两者兼有）。相关方应就待测试织物的状态达成一致。应报告测试织物的状态。 5.5 丸子的大小和外观明显不同，取决于棉绒的存在和颜色对比度。当仅根据药丸的数量来评定起球时，不会评估这些因素。药丸的发展可能伴随着其他表面现象，如失去遮盖、颜色变化或绒毛的发展。由于特定织物的整体可接受性取决于丸剂的特性和影响表面外观的其他因素，因此建议在实验室测试的织物应根据其可接受性进行主观评估，而不仅仅根据研发的丸剂数量进行评级。基于被测织物类型表面变化的分级程度，可制定一系列标准，为主观评级提供依据。 当实验室测试样本在外观上与磨损织物紧密相关，并显示出类似的丸子与绒毛比例时，视觉标准最为有利。由于计数、定尺寸和计算所需的时间过长，不建议将药片计数并根据其大小和对比度对药片数量进行称重，作为抗起球性的综合测量。 5.6 通过将测试样品与视觉标准进行比较来评估织物的起球程度，视觉标准可以是实际织物或织物照片，显示出一定范围的抗起球性。观察到的抗起球性以5至1（无起球至非常严重的起球）的任意尺度报告。 5.7 本试验方法适用于因纤维、纱线、织物结构和饰面的变化而导致起球倾向变化的各种机织和针织织物。 该试验方法对非织造织物的适用性尚未确定。

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester. Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M , D3512/D3512M , and D3514 . 1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity. 1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Acceptance Testing— This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States . 5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias. 5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric finishing treatments. The pilling resistance of a specific fabric in actual wear varies more with general conditions of use and individual wearers than in replicate fabric specimens subjected to controlled laboratory tests. This experience should be borne in mind when adopting levels of acceptability for a series of standards. 5.4 Finishes and fabric surface changes may exert a large effect on pilling. Fabrics may be tested as received or after refurbishing, or both (laundering or drycleaning, or both). Interested parties shall agree on the state of fabric to be tested. The state of tested fabric shall be reported. 5.5 Pills vary appreciably in size and appearance and depend on the presence of lint and degree of color contrast. These factors are not evaluated when pilling is rated solely on the number of pills. The development of pills may be accompanied by other surface phenomena, such as loss of cover, color change, or the development of fuzz. Since the overall acceptability of a specific fabric is dependent on both the characteristics of the pills and the other factors affecting the surface appearance, it is suggested that fabrics tested in the laboratory be evaluated subjectively with regard to their acceptability and not rated solely on the number of pills developed. A series of standards, based on graduated degrees of surface change of the fabric type being tested, may be set up to provide a basis for subjective ratings. The visual standards are most advantageous when the laboratory test specimens correlate closely in appearance with worn fabrics and show a similar ratio of pills to fuzz. Counting the pills and weighing their number with respect to their size and contrast, as a combined measure of pilling resistance, is not recommended because of the excessive time required for counting, sizing, and calculation. 5.6 The degree of fabric pilling is evaluated by comparing the tested specimens with visual standards, which may be actual fabrics or photographs of fabrics, showing a range of pilling resistance. The observed resistance to pilling is reported on an arbitrary scale ranging from 5 to 1 (no pilling to very severe pilling). 5.7 This test method is applicable to a wide variety of woven and knitted fabrics that vary in pilling propensity as a result of variations in fiber, yarn and fabric structure, and finish. The applicability of this test method to nonwoven fabrics has not been determined.