在威斯康星州马尼托瓦克的一个全面项目中，研究了通过使用温水减少冬季主水管破裂的问题。附近一家发电厂的冷凝器冷却水被用来代替密歇根湖作为原水源。在全面运行的两个冬季，主要休息时间显著减少，实现了社区范围内的节能。然而，与这些结果相关的成本节约已被操作问题部分抵消，包括化学品添加量增加和过滤效率降低。 包括表格、数字。

Reduction of winter water main breaks through the use of warm water was studied in a full-scale project in Manitowac, Wisconsin. Condenser cooling water from a nearby electric generating plant was used in lieu of Lake Michigan as the raw water source. In two winter seasons of fullscale operation, the number of main breaks was significantly reduced and community wide energy savings were realized. The cost savings associated with these results have been partially offset, however, by operational problems, including increased chemical addition and decreased filter efficiency. Includes tables, figures.