1.1 本规程描述了进行比容量测试、计算控制井比容量和估计控制井附近透射率的程序。比产能是指抽水开始后确定时间内单位压降的油井产量。 1.2 本规程与试验方法一起使用 D4050 用于进行抽注井测试。 1.3 根据比容量确定透射率的方法是Theis非平衡法的变体 ( 1. ) 2. 用于确定含水层的透过率和蓄水系数。在实践中给出了泰斯非平衡方法 D4106 . 1.4 限制- 确定透射率的技术的局限性主要与现场情况和泰斯方法的简化假设之间的对应关系有关。 1.5 本规程的范围受到仪器性能的限制。 1.6 所有观察值和计算值应符合实践中确定的有效数字和舍入准则 D6026 . 1.6.1 本规程中用于规定如何收集/记录和计算数据的程序被视为行业标准。此外，它们代表了通常应保留的有效数字。使用的程序不考虑材料变化、获取数据的目的、特殊目的研究或用户目标的任何考虑因素；通常的做法是增加或减少报告数据的有效位数，以与这些考虑因素相称。 考虑工程设计分析方法中使用的有效数字超出了本实践的范围。 1.7 单位- 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值可能不是精确的等效值；因此，每个系统应相互独立使用。两个系统的组合值可能会导致不符合标准。以国际单位制以外的单位报告结果不应视为不符合本标准。 1.8 本实践提供了一组用于执行一个或多个特定操作的说明。本文件不能取代教育或经验，应与专业判断一起使用。 并非实践的所有方面都适用于所有情况。本ASTM标准不代表或取代必须根据其判断给定专业服务的充分性的谨慎标准，也不应在不考虑项目的许多独特方面的情况下应用本文件。本文件标题中的“标准”一词仅表示该文件已通过ASTM共识程序获得批准。 1.9 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.10 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 Theis的假设 ( 1. ) 方程影响比容量和根据比容量估算的透射率。这些假设如下: 5.1.1 含水层是均质和各向同性的。 5.1.2 含水层水平，厚度均匀，面积无限。 5.1.3 含水层在其上边界和下边界上受到不渗透地层的限制。 5.1.4 流动流体中的密度梯度必须可以忽略不计，流动的粘性阻力必须服从达西定律。 5.1.5 控制井从含水层的整个厚度均匀渗透和接收水。 5.1.6 控制井的直径非常小。 5.1.7 以恒定速率控制油井排放。 5.1.8 控制井以100%的效率运行。 5.1.9 在整个抽水过程中，含水层保持饱和。 5.2 假设的含义和方法的局限性。 5.2.1 求解泰斯方程和应用该方法所需的简化假设在现场情况下从未完全满足。该方法的满意使用可能取决于对现场数据应用一个或多个经验校正因子。 5.2.2 通常，由比容量得出的透射率值与利用观测井进行含水层试验确定的值不同。 这些差异可能反映 1. )该比容量代表了井附近含水层的一小部分的响应，并可能受到井附近条件的很大影响，如砾石充填或井开发产生的级配材料，以及 2. )油井效率和部分穿透的影响。 5.2.3 根据比容量数据估计的透射率值被视为不如从距离抽油井一定距离处观察到的水位下降分析中获得的值准确。 注1: 该实践产生的结果的质量取决于执行该实践的人员的能力，以及所用设备和设施的适用性。符合实践标准的机构 D3740 通常认为能够胜任和客观的测试/采样/检查等。本规程的用户应注意遵守规程 D3740 本身并不能保证可靠的结果。可靠的结果取决于许多因素；实践 D3740 提供了一种评估其中一些因素的方法。 5.3 在适当的水文地质现场，使用抽汲试井现场程序和适当的分析程序，以确定含水层的透射率和蓄水系数以及封闭层的导水率。

1.1 This practice describes a procedure for conducting a specific capacity test, computing the specific capacity of a control well, and estimating the transmissivity in the vicinity of the control well. Specific capacity is the well yield per unit drawdown at an identified time after pumping started. 1.2 This practice is used in conjunction with Test Method D4050 for conducting withdrawal and injection well tests. 1.3 The method of determining transmissivity from specific capacity is a variation of the nonequilibrium method of Theis ( 1 ) 2 for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of an aquifer. The Theis nonequilibrium method is given in Practice D4106 . 1.4 Limitations— The limitations of the technique for determining transmissivity are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of the Theis method. 1.5 The scope of this practice is limited by the capabilities of the apparatus. 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 . 1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this practice are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this practice to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.7 Units— The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values for the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as noncompliance with this standard. 1.8 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 Assumptions of the Theis ( 1 ) equation affect specific capacity and transmissivity estimated from specific capacity. These assumptions are given below: 5.1.1 Aquifer is homogeneous and isotropic. 5.1.2 Aquifer is horizontal, of uniform thickness, and infinite in areal extent. 5.1.3 Aquifer is confined by impermeable strata on its upper and lower boundaries. 5.1.4 Density gradient in the flowing fluid must be negligible and the viscous resistance to flow must obey Darcy's Law. 5.1.5 Control well penetrates and receives water equally from the entire thickness of the aquifer. 5.1.6 Control well has an infinitesimal diameter. 5.1.7 Control well discharges at a constant rate. 5.1.8 Control well operates at 100 percent efficiency. 5.1.9 Aquifer remains saturated throughout the duration of pumping. 5.2 Implications of Assumptions and Limitations of Method. 5.2.1 The simplifying assumptions necessary for solution of the Theis equation and application of the method are never fully met in a field situation. The satisfactory use of the method may depend upon the application of one or more empirical correction factors being applied to the field data. 5.2.2 Generally the values of transmissivity derived from specific capacity vary from those values determined from aquifer tests utilizing observation wells. These differences may reflect 1 ) that specific-capacity represents the response of a small part of the aquifer near the well and may be greatly influenced by conditions near the well such as a gravel pack or graded material resulting from well development, and 2 ) effects of well efficiency and partial penetration. 5.2.3 The values of transmissivity estimated from specific capacity data are considered less accurate than values obtained from analysis of drawdowns that are observed some distance from the pumped well. Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this practice is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 5.3 Withdrawal well test field procedures are used with appropriate analytical procedures in appropriate hydrogeological sites to determine transmissivity and storage coefficient of aquifers and hydraulic conductivity of confining beds.