1.1 本指南建议了物理、化学和毒理学试验方法，用于表征来自各种精炼工艺（包括再精炼废油和精炼原油）的碳氢化合物润滑油基础油。本指南不包含限制，也不打算涵盖所有可能采用的测试；相反，它代表了更好地描述影响润滑剂性能和安全操作的润滑剂基础油的重要参数的第一步。除了验证基础油的一致性之外，还确定了测试来表征基础油的组成和性能。不良成分也被确定为一系列典型水平。这些不是限制。买方和卖方有责任确定并同意本指南的实施。 1.2 本指南仅适用于基础油，不适用于成品润滑油。 1.3 本指南不包括含有可检测到的酯类、动物脂肪、植物油或其他用作润滑剂或与润滑剂混合的物质的基础油。 1.4 本指南适用于由碳氢化合物组成的基础油，用于配制包括汽车和工业润滑油在内的产品。虽然不打算涵盖所有基础油粘度等级，但本指南确实涵盖了汽车和工业油配方中使用的大部分粘度。这些基础油的粘度通常约为2 毫米 2. /s至40毫米 2. /100时的s（cSt） °C（50 SUS至3740 100时的SUS °F）。 1.5 以SI单位表示的值应视为标准。括号中给出的值仅供参考。 1.6 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 =====意义和用途====== 4.1 炼油厂和再炼油厂原料以及原料所采用的工艺决定了所生产的基础原料的组成。一旦生产，其他潜在的变异来源包括储存、运输和混合。因此，润滑基础油的化学成分将是可变的。因此，碳氢化合物润滑油基础油的表征标准通常从下列特性中选择 表1 和/或 表2 如果确定了规格限制，则通常与基础油的预期用途有关。 4.2 碳氢化合物润滑油基础油的一致性能是多种应用的关键因素，如发动机机油、工业润滑油和金属加工液。 此外，在许多此类应用中，人类会接触到作为配方产品组成部分的基础油，因此可能需要考虑健康或安全问题。本指南建议对碳氢化合物润滑剂的性能和潜在污染物进行汇编，熟悉碳氢化合物润滑剂制造和使用的人员理解这些特性和潜在污染物在某些或所有应用中具有重要意义。关于每个建议特性和潜在污染物的讨论，请参见 附录X2 ，每一个按字母顺序排列在四个类别中。 4.3 所建议的试验方法、基础油性能和潜在污染物可能在许多常见情况下有用，尽管人们认识到，存在可能有不同要求的特定应用和情况。 与特定应用相关的性能测试可作为可接受性的基础。 4.4 诸如测试频率和如何应用测试结果的细节等问题没有详细说明。买方和卖方有责任确定并同意本指南的实施。本指南是讨论的基础。

1.1 This guide suggests physical, chemical, and toxicological test methods for characterizing hydrocarbon lubricant base oils derived from various refining processes including re-refining used oils and refining crude oil. This guide does not contain limits nor does it purport to cover all tests which could be employed; rather, it represents the first step in better describing important parameters of lubricant base oils affecting lubricant performance and safe handling. Tests have been identified to characterize the composition and performance of base oils in addition to verifying their consistency. Undesirable components have also been identified with a range of typical levels. These are not limits. It is the responsibility of the buyer and seller to determine and agree upon the implementation of this guide. 1.2 This guide applies only to base oils and not to finished lubricants. 1.3 Base oils containing detectable levels of esters, animal fats, vegetable oils, or other materials used as, or blended into, lubricants are not covered by this guide. 1.4 This guide is relevant to base oils composed of hydrocarbons and intended for use in formulating products including automotive and industrial lubricants. Although not intended to cover all base oil viscosity grades, this guide does cover the majority of viscosities that would be used in both automotive and industrial oil formulations. These base oils would typically have a viscosity of approximately 2 mm 2 /s to 40 mm 2 /s (cSt) at 100 °C (50 SUS to 3740 SUS at 100 °F). 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Refinery and re-refinery feedstock and the processes to which the feed is subject determine the composition of the base stock produced. Once produced, other potential sources of variation include storage, transportation and blending. It follows that lubricating base oils will be of variable chemical composition. For this reason, characterization criteria for hydrocarbon lubricant base oils are frequently chosen from properties such as those listed in Table 1 and/or Table 2 . If specification limits are established, they are usually related to the intended use of the base oil. 4.2 The consistent performance of hydrocarbon lubricant base oils is a critical factor in a wide variety of applications such as engine oils, industrial lubricants, and metalworking fluids. In addition, in many of these applications humans are exposed to the base oils as a component of a formulated product such that health or safety considerations may need to be addressed. This guide suggests a compilation of properties and potential contaminants that are understood by those knowledgeable in the manufacture and use of hydrocarbon lubricants to be significant in some or all applications. A discussion of each of the suggested properties and potential contaminants is provided in Appendix X2 , with each listed alphabetically within four categories. 4.3 The test methods, base oil properties, and potential contaminants suggested are those that would likely be useful in many common situations, although it is recognized that there are specific applications and situations that could have different requirements. Performance testing related to a specific application may serve as the basis for acceptability. 4.4 Issues such as frequency of testing and the specifics of how the test results are to be applied are not addressed in detail. It is the responsibility of the buyer and seller to determine and agree upon the implementation of this guide. This guide serves as a basis for that discussion.