1.1 本试验方法适用于城市、工业和环境使用中大于1.0浊度单位（TU）的水中高浊度的在线和在线测定。 1.2 原则上，在线测量装置有三种基本应用程序。这首先是滑流（旁路）采样技术。对于滑流样品技术，一部分样品被输送出工艺并通过测量设备。然后，它要么被运回加工厂，要么被丢弃。第二个是在- 将传感器直接引入过程的线性测量（见图8）。第三种基本方法是对样品水进行原位监测。这一原理是基于在处理样品时将传感器插入样品本身。本试验方法中的现场使用旨在监测处理序列中任何步骤期间的水，包括在处理过程之前或之后。 1.3 本试验方法适用于浊度大于1.0 TU的测量。绝对范围由所采用的技术决定。 1.4 测量范围的上端没有定义，因为本测试方法中描述的不同技术可以覆盖非常不同的浊度范围。 1.5 当通用校准标准适用于中列出的设计时，本试验方法中涵盖的许多浊度单位和仪器设计在校准中具有数值等效性 表1 .对定义值的通用校准标准的测量也将在这些技术中产生等效的结果。该试验方法规定了将确定的浊度值分配给用于确定这些值的技术。 在不同的技术之间可以观察到浊度标准的数值等效性，但在普通样品中不可预期。可以实践超出该测试方法范围的改进可追溯性，包括列出用于确定浊度值的仪器的品牌和型号。 1.5.1 在这种测试方法中，校准标准通常以NTU值定义，但其他指定的浊度单位，如 表1 是等效的。例如，1 NTU形式津标准也是1 FNU、1 FAU、1 BU等。 1.6 本试验方法并不旨在涵盖高水平浊度测量的所有可用技术。 1.7 该测试方法在不同的水域进行了测试，标准品将作为样本的替代品。用户有责任确保该测试方法对未经测试的基质水的有效性。 1.8 那些具有最高颗粒密度的样品通常被证明是最难测量的。在这些情况下，可以考虑安装适当的测量协议的过程监测方法。 1.9 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.10 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关本程序中使用的所有化学品，请参阅MSDS。 1.11 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 浊度在饮用水、工厂废水、食品和饮料加工用水以及许多其他依赖水的制造过程中是不可取的。悬浮物的去除通过混凝、沉淀和过滤来完成。浊度的测量提供了一种快速的过程控制方法，以确定何时、如何以及在多大程度上必须对水进行处理以满足规范要求。 4.2 该测试方法适用于在线监测饮用水、工艺水和高纯度工业用水中的浊度。 4.3 所使用的仪器必须允许对样品流进行连续在线监测。 4.4 在报告测量结果时，还应报告适当的单位。这些单位反映了用于生成结果的技术，如有必要，可以提供与历史数据集更充分的比较。 4.4.1 表1 描述技术并报告结果。列出的那些技术适用于本试验方法中规定的测量范围，尽管也可能提供其他技术。 图X3.1来自 附录X3 包含有助于技术选择的流程图。 4.4.2 对于不在这些报告范围内的特定设计，应在TU中报告浊度，并附上下标的波长值，以表征所使用的光源。 4.4.3 比率白光浊度计是常见的台式仪器，但不是典型的过程仪器。但是，如果安装了流动池，则它们符合本试验方法的标准。

1.1 This test method covers the on-line and in-line determination of high-level turbidity in water that is greater than 1.0 turbidity units (TU) in municipal, industrial and environmental usage. 1.2 In principle, there are three basic applications for on-line measurement set ups. This first is the slipstream (bypass) sample technique. For the slipstream sample technique a portion of sample is transported out of the process and through the measurement apparatus. It is then either transported back to the process or to waste. The second is the in-line measurement where the sensor is brought directly into the process (see Fig. 8). The third basic method is for in-situ monitoring of sample waters. This principle is based on the insertion of a sensor into the sample itself as the sample is being processed. The in-situ use in this test method is intended for the monitoring of water during any step within a processing train, including immediately before or after the process itself. 1.3 This test method is applicable to the measurement of turbidities greater than 1.0 TU. The absolute range is dictated by the technology that is employed. 1.4 The upper end of the measurement range is left undefined because different technologies described in this test method can cover very different ranges of turbidity. 1.5 Many of the turbidity units and instrument designs covered in this test method are numerically equivalent in calibration when a common calibration standard is applied across those designs listed in Table 1 . Measurement of a common calibration standard of a defined value will also produce equivalent results across these technologies. This test method prescribes the assignment of a determined turbidity values to the technology used to determine those values. Numerical equivalence to turbidity standards is observed between different technologies but is not expected across a common sample. Improved traceability beyond the scope of this test method may be practiced and would include the listing of the make and model number of the instrument used to determine the turbidity values. 1.5.1 In this test method, calibration standards are often defined in NTU values, but the other assigned turbidity units, such as those in Table 1 are equivalent. For example, a 1 NTU formazin standard is also a 1 FNU, a 1 FAU, a 1 BU, and so forth. 1.6 This test method does not purport to cover all available technologies for high-level turbidity measurement. 1.7 This test method was tested on different waters, and with standards that will serve as surrogates to samples. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.8 Those samples with the highest particle densities typically prove to be the most difficult to measure. In these cases, the process monitoring method can be considered with adequate measurement protocols installed. 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to the MSDSs for all chemicals used in this procedure. 1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 Turbidity is undesirable in drinking water, plant effluent waters, water for food and beverage processing, and for a large number of other water dependent manufacturing processes. Removal of suspended matter is accomplished by coagulation, settling, and filtration. Measurement of turbidity provides a rapid means of process control to determine when, how, and to what extent the water must be treated to meet specifications. 4.2 This test method is suitable for the on-line monitoring of turbidity such as that found in drinking water, process water, and high purity industrial waters. 4.3 The instrumentation used must allow for the continuous on-line monitoring of a sample stream. 4.4 When reporting the measured result, appropriate units should also be reported. The units are reflective of the technology used to generate the result, and if necessary, provide more adequate comparison to historical data sets. 4.4.1 Table 1 describing technologies and reporting results. Those technologies listed are appropriate for the range of measurement prescribed in this test method are mentioned, though others may come available. Fig. X3.1 from Appendix X3 contains a flowchart to assist in technology selection. 4.4.2 For a specific design that falls outside of these reporting ranges, the turbidity should be reported in TU with a subscripted wavelength value to characterize the light source that was used. 4.4.3 Ratio white light turbidimeters are common as bench top instruments but not as a typical process instrument. However, if fitted with a flow-cell they meet the criteria of this test method.