1.1 本试验方法描述了使用试验箱在均匀静态气压差下测定外窗、门、天窗和幕墙的结构性能。本试验方法适用于幕墙组件，包括但不限于金属、玻璃、砌体和石材组件。 2. 1.2 本试验方法仅用于评估与指定试样相关的结构性能，而不是相邻结构的结构性能。 1.3 正确使用本试验方法需要了解压力和挠度测量原理。 1.4 本试验方法描述了用于向试样施加均匀分布试验载荷的装置和程序。 1.4.1 程序A（参见 11.2 )当不需要荷载-挠度曲线时，应使用。 1.4.2 程序B（参见 11.3 )当需要荷载-挠度曲线时，应使用。 1.5 本标准的正文引用了提供解释材料的注释和脚注。这些注释和脚注（不包括表和图中的注释和脚注）不应视为本标准的要求。 1.6 以国际单位制或英寸-磅单位表示的数值应单独视为标准值。每个系统中规定的值不一定是精确的等价物；因此，为确保符合本标准，每个系统应独立使用，且两个系统的值不得组合。 1.7 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 有关具体的危险说明，请参阅第节 7. . 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 本试验方法是在均匀静态空气压差下确定结构性能的标准程序。这通常旨在表示风荷载对外部建筑表面元素的影响。 建筑物表面的实际荷载相当复杂，随风向、时间、地面高度、建筑物形状、地形、周围结构和其他因素而变化。许多窗户、幕墙和门组件对风荷载的阻力也很复杂，取决于荷载的完整历史、幅值、持续时间和重复性。ASCE/SEI中讨论了这些因素 7和文献中 ( 1- 8. ) . 5. 5.2 根据ASCE/SEI中提供的风速图数据，为特定地理位置和发生概率选择设计风速 7、这些风速被转化为均匀的静态气压差和向内和向外作用的持续时间。必须考虑与建筑设计、风力强度与持续时间、发生频率和其他因素相关的风压的复杂性。 与持续风叠加的是阵风，阵风在短时间内从几分之一秒到几秒，能够以比持续风高得多的速度移动。ASCE/SEI中的分析程序 7、风洞研究、计算机模拟和模型分析有助于确定建筑物外表面构件上的适当设计风荷载。通常，从ASCE/SEI 7获得的风荷载持续时间为2 s到10 s和取决于确定压力系数时使用的特定时间基准。 5.3 一些材料具有随时间变化的强度或挠度特性。因此，施加试验载荷的持续时间可能会对试样中所用材料的性能产生重大影响。 使用的具有随时间变化的响应特性的材料最常见的例子是玻璃、塑料和使用塑料的复合材料。因此，如上文所述，在组件暴露于持续荷载或阵风荷载或两者的实际持续时间内测试组件的强度。通常，美国的风荷载测试实践要求，对于等于设计风荷载的测试荷载和等于设计风荷载1.5倍的验证荷载，至少需要10秒的测试时间。因此，在测试中纳入了安全系数。如果设计风荷载是通过ASCE/SEI 7的分析程序确定的，则测试荷载应基于从许用应力设计中使用的荷载组合得出的标称荷载。 风的测试荷载高于ASCE/SEI确定的荷载 7或超过10秒的持续时间，设计者必须考虑哪些安全系数是合适的。对于代表除风以外的设计荷载的测试荷载，如雪荷载，应考虑为设计荷载和验证荷载测试建立适当的测试周期。 5.4 本标准不考虑风载碎片或循环荷载的影响。试验方法中考虑了循环空气压差 E1233/E1233M . 试验方法中考虑了风载碎片与代表极端风事件的循环气压差 E1886 和规格 E1996年 . 5.5 本试验方法不用于评估玻璃在特定应用中的结构充分性。 当要评估玻璃的结构性能时，试验方法中描述的程序 E997 或 E998 应使用。 注1: 在应用该测试方法的测试结果时，请注意，墙或其组件的性能，或两者，可能是制造、安装和调整的函数。样本可能真实地代表或不真实地代表实际结构的每个方面。在使用中，性能还取决于支撑结构的刚度、温度以及部件对各种其他原因（包括振动、热膨胀和收缩等）劣化的抵抗力。

1.1 This test method describes the determination of the structural performance of exterior windows, doors, skylights, and curtain walls under uniform static air pressure differences, using a test chamber. This test method is applicable to curtain wall assemblies including, but not limited to, metal, glass, masonry, and stone components. 2 1.2 This test method is intended only for evaluating the structural performance associated with the specified test specimen and not the structural performance of adjacent construction. 1.3 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement. 1.4 This test method describes the apparatus and the procedure to be used for applying uniformly distributed test loads to a specimen. 1.4.1 Procedure A (see 11.2 ) shall be used when a load-deflection curve is not required. 1.4.2 Procedure B (see 11.3 ) shall be used when a load-deflection curve is required. 1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory materials. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7 . 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining structural performance under uniform static air pressure difference. This typically is intended to represent the effects of a wind load on exterior building surface elements. The actual loading on building surfaces is quite complex, varying with wind direction, time, height above ground, building shape, terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. The resistance of many windows, curtain walls, and door assemblies to wind loading is also complex and depends on the complete history of load, magnitude, duration, and repetition. These factors are discussed in ASCE/SEI 7 and in the literature ( 1- 8 ) . 5 5.2 Design wind velocities are selected for particular geographic locations and probabilities of occurrence based on data from wind velocity maps such as are provided in ASCE/SEI 7. These wind velocities are translated into uniform static air pressure differences and durations acting inward and outward. Complexities of wind pressures, as related to building design, wind intensity versus duration, frequency of occurrence, and other factors must be considered. Superimposed on sustained winds are gusting winds which, for short periods of time from a fraction of a second to a few seconds, are capable of moving at considerably higher velocities than the sustained winds. The analytical procedures in ASCE/SEI 7, wind tunnel studies, computer simulations, and model analyses are helpful in determining the appropriate design wind loads on exterior surface elements of buildings. Generally, wind load durations obtained from ASCE/SEI 7 are 2 s to 10 s and are dependent upon the specific time reference employed in determining the pressure coefficients. 5.3 Some materials have strength or deflection characteristics that are time dependent. Therefore, the duration of the applied test load may have a significant impact on the performance of materials used in the test specimen. The most common examples of materials with time-dependent response characteristics that are used are glass, plastics, and composites that employ plastics. For this reason, the strength of an assembly is tested for the actual time duration to which it would be exposed to a sustained or a gust load, or both, as discussed above. Generally, U.S. practice for wind load testing has been to require a minimum test period of 10 s for test loads equal to the design wind load and proof loads equal to 1.5 times the design wind load. Thus a safety factor is incorporated in the testing. If the design wind load is determined through the analytical procedures of ASCE/SEI 7, the test load shall be based on the nominal loads derived from the load combinations used in allowable stress design. With test loads for wind higher than those determined by ASCE/SEI 7 or of longer time duration than 10 s, the designer must consider what safety factors are appropriate. For test loads that represent design loads other than wind, such as snow load, consideration shall be given to establish an appropriate test period for both design and proof load testing. 5.4 This standard is not intended to account for the effect of windborne debris or cyclic loads. Consideration of cyclic air pressure differentials is addressed in Test Method E1233/E1233M . Consideration of windborne debris in combination with cyclic air pressure differential representing extreme wind events is addressed in Test Method E1886 and Specification E1996 . 5.5 This test method is not intended for use in evaluating the structural adequacy of glass for a particular application. When the structural performance of glass is to be evaluated, the procedure described in Test Method E997 or E998 shall be used. Note 1: In applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a wall or its components, or both, may be a function of fabrication, installation, and adjustment. The specimen may or may not truly represent every aspect of the actual structure. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction, temperature, and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various other causes, including vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, etc.