1.1 本指南涵盖了从实验室接收的样本中获取代表性子样本进行分析的常见技术。这些样品可能包括固体、污泥、液体或多层液体（含或不含固体）。 1.2 本指南中讨论的程序和技术取决于样本矩阵、执行的样本制备和分析的类型、感兴趣的特征以及项目特定说明或数据质量目标。 1.3 本指南包括几种样品均化技术，包括混合和研磨，以及关于如何获得样品或分割实验室样品的信息。 1.4 本指南不适用于空气或气体取样。 1.5 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.6 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。 本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.7 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 本指南讨论了从提交给实验室的样本中提取子样本的选项。如果遵循，它将在分析之前最小化实验室样品感兴趣特征的偏差和方差。 4.2 该指南将描述与现场样品一起提交给实验室的适当说明。 4.3 本指南旨在实验室中使用，以获取整个现场样品的代表性子样品或样品，用于直接分析或样品制备。它适用于现场人员、数据用户、实验室样本接收人员、分析师和经理。 4.4 为了获得具有代表性的子样本，可能需要进行分层分析、研磨、混合和改变物理状态，例如消化、干燥、熔化或冷冻。本指南考虑了圆锥体和四分之一、沟槽分裂和粒径减小。

1.1 This guide covers common techniques for obtaining representative subsamples from a sample received at a laboratory for analysis. These samples may include solids, sludges, liquids, or multilayered liquids (with or without solids). 1.2 The procedures and techniques discussed in this guide depend upon the sample matrix, the type of sample preparation and analysis performed, the characteristic(s) of interest, and the project-specific instructions or data quality objectives. 1.3 This guide includes several sample homogenization techniques, including mixing and grinding, as well as information on how to obtain a specimen or split laboratory samples. 1.4 This guide does not apply to air or gas sampling. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This guide discusses options for taking a subsample from a sample submitted to a laboratory. If followed, it will minimize the bias and variance of the characteristic of interest of the laboratory sample prior to analysis. 4.2 The guide will describe appropriate instructions to be submitted to the laboratory with the field sample. 4.3 This guide is intended for use in the laboratory to take a representative subsample or specimen of the whole field sample for direct analysis or sample preparation for analysis. It is intended for field personnel, data users, laboratory sample reception personnel, analysts, and managers. 4.4 To obtain a representative subsample, layer analysis, grinding, mixing, and changing the physical state such as digesting, drying, melting, or freezing may be required. This guide considers cone and quartering, riffle splitting, and particle size reduction.