在固定靴之间的垂直或接近垂直位置焊接厚截面材料目前采用两种相关程序，即电渣焊和电气焊。本报告对每种工艺进行了描述，重点介绍了基本原理，如热流条件、金属转移、熔池形态以及熔渣和熔池反应的化学和电化学方面。主要用于连接厚度超过50毫米（2英寸）的钢材，相对于其他焊接工艺，电渣焊接涉及高能量输入，导致机械性能较差，尤其是热影响区的低韧性。如果可以进行焊后热处理，则可以克服该问题。通常用于厚度小于50 mm的钢材的电气焊焊焊态性能通常优越，该工艺适用于储存容器和其他非关键结构的现场安装。 提供了过程修改，克服了这两种过程中观察到的一些缺陷。

Welding thick section materials in the vertical or near vertical position between retaining shoes is presently done by two related procedures, electroslag welding and electrogas welding. Each of these processes is characterized in this report, with emphasis on fundamentals such as the heat flow conditions, metal transfer, weld pool morphology, and chemical and electrochemical aspects of the slag and weld pool reactions. Primarily applied for joining steels of thicknesses over 50 mm (2 in.), electroslag welding involves high energy input relative to other welding processes resulting in inferior mechanical properties, specifically low toughness of the heat-affected zone. Where a postweld heat treatment can be applied this problem is overcome.The as-welded properties of electrogas welding, which is usually applied to steels under 50 mm in thickness, are generally superior, and the process is applied to the field erection of storage vessels and other less critical structures. Process modifications are offered which overcome some of the observed deficiencies with these two processes.