前言:这是CSA N286的第三版。0.1，N286-12的评注，核设施的管理体系要求。它取代了2014年和1992年出版的之前版本。本注释仅针对2012版CSA N286的要求。本版本的范围对CSA N286用户确定的需要进一步澄清的领域提供了评论。本评论不提供CSA N286的正式解释，仅应视为CSA N286部分的信息性注释。本评注旨在提供有关CSA N286中某些条款和要求的背景信息。这些信息可以帮助用户澄清CSA N286要求的背景。这是该评论的全新版本，在CSA N286用户确定的需要地区的状况评估和行业扫描期间优先考虑。 它根据自标准发布以来收集的经验，对CSA N286的结构和内容提供了更完整的背景和解释，包括原则和要求。目的:本评论旨在帮助用户按照CSA N286的要求实施管理系统。技术小组委员会认识到，CSA N286用户群的成熟度范围很广，从1978年CSA N286第一版到2012年版，核电厂都符合CSA N286标准，向部分遵守许可条件或合同承诺但最近努力满足CSA N286的核设施或核供应商，向首次实施CSA N286管理体系的新设施和供应商。 本评论旨在弥合自2012版CSA N286发布以来用户群体发生的变化。首先，传统上实施CSA N286的长期现有核设施和供应商的人员配置发生了重大变化。随着工人离开或退休，并被新工人取代，这导致了知识的流失（即知识保留）。其次，新的和现有的设施和供应商目前正面临实施与CSA N286一致的管理系统的挑战。本评注不提供CSA N286实施的补充要求或指导（“应”或“应”）。相反，它提供了关于CSA N286如何随着时间的推移而演变的评论，以及为什么2012年版标准的结构是这样的，以及它的含义。 因此，评注并非以标准的典型风格编写，因为评注内容丰富，避免使用标准中用于表达条款的应、应、可等语言。评注承认CSA N286不像其他一些实施标准那样是“一刀切”的标准。CSA N286将需求和实施细节的确定留给使用该标准的企业。阅读本评论时需要考虑几点。这些内容包括但不限于以下内容:本注释适用于2009年至2011年编写的标准。本评论并未试图更新CSA N286，以反映自2012年出版以来出现的任何新思维或概念。 如果需要，任何更新都将由负责维护标准的委员会负责。在这篇评论中，我们使用了一些例子。这些例子并非详尽无遗，对于提供的每个例子，都有许多其他同样可以选择的例子。本注释没有提出CSA N286中的新要求或建议。本评注在信息丰富的背景下，使用日常语言讨论标准的内容，以增加清晰度。本评注未规定实施方法或技术。在有限的情况下，它提供了实施示例来解释该标准。如果使用这些实施示例，则不应将其视为满足要求的唯一方式，也不应将其视为对这些特定实施方法和技术的认可。 与标准一样，如果不整体阅读，本注释将被误解。读者正在寻找的信息（包括有价值的上下文）可能不在与他们感兴趣的主题相关的特定部分，而是在其他地方。CSA N286是一个总体标准，它规定了一个管理系统框架，其基于的原则可用于从最基本的核活动到核发电的风险和复杂性的广泛应用。因此，该标准确定了核业务成功所需的流程和实践要求，但避免详细规定流程和实践方法，认识到一种规模并不适合所有规模。相反，它让业务的最高管理层来确定他们的业务目标、要求和风险状况，并设计他们的管理系统，以在他们的风险状况中实现预期的输出。 阅读和使用本评论的先决条件是，用户在使用本评论之前，从头到尾阅读CSA N286，以全面理解其内容。本注释不是标准，不能代替标准。需要重申的是，本评论还反映了CSA N286是在本评论发布前十年编写的这一事实。因此，本评论的范围受CSA N286范围的约束，并避免引入自CSA N286出版以来不断发展的新概念和行业发展。本评论对以下内容进行了评论和指导:描述了CSA N286的写作方式，并提供了其历史发展的背景，以及从质量保证到质量管理再到综合管理的演变； 确定CSA N286在核标准和其他要求生成文件中的背景，以及CSA N286如何提供总体控制和凝聚力；描述了标准所基于的一些关键概念，以及它们在整个应用过程中的应用；提供特定条款的注释，并讨论特定术语的使用，如控制、最高管理层、工人、评估等。；就如何使用本标准解决或补充其他要求中的活动提供评论；参考其他提供实施指南的出版物。

Preface:This is the third edition of CSA N286.0.1,Commentary on N286-12, Management system requirements for nuclear facilities. It supersedes the previous editions published in 2014 and 1992. This Commentary is directed only towards the requirements in the 2012 edition of CSA N286. The scope of this edition provides commentary on areas identified by users of CSA N286 which require additional clarity. This Commentary does not provide formal interpretations of CSA N286 and should be viewed only as an informative annotation of portions of CSA N286.The purpose of this Commentary is to provide background information concerning certain clauses and requirements in CSA N286. This information can help the user clarify the context of the CSA N286 requirements.This is a completely new edition of the Commentary and was prioritized during a condition assessment and industry scan for areas in need identified by users of CSA N286. It provides a more complete context and explanation on the structure and content of CSA N286, including both the principles and requirements, based on experience collected since the Standard was released.Purpose:This Commentary was written as an aid for users that undertake implementation of a management system in keeping with the requirements of CSA N286. The Technical Subcommittee recognizes and accommodates the fact that there is a broad range of maturity of the CSA N286 user base ranging from nuclear power plants that have complied with CSA N286 Standards since the first editions of CSA N286 in 1978 to the 2012 edition, to nuclear facilities or nuclear suppliers who have partially complied through license conditions or contractual commitment but have more recently undertaken efforts to meet CSA N286, to new facilities and suppliers who are implementing a CSA N286 management system for the first time.This Commentary is written to bridge changes in the user community that have occurred since the publication of the 2012 edition of CSA N286. Firstly, there has been a significant change in staffing at long-term existing nuclear facilities and suppliers that traditionally implemented CSA N286. This has resulted in a loss of knowledge (i.e., knowledge retention) as workers leave or retire and are replaced by new workers. Secondly, new and existing facilities and suppliers are currently going through the challenge of implementing a management system aligned with CSA N286.This Commentary does not provide supplementary requirements or guidance ("shall" or "should") for the implementation of CSA N286. Rather, it provides commentary on how CSA N286 evolved over time and why the 2012 edition of the Standard is structured the way it is and what it means. As such, the Commentary is not written in the style typical of a standard in that the Commentary is informative and avoids using language such as shall, should, and may that is used in standards to express provisions. The Commentary recognizes that CSA N286 is not a "one size fits all" standard like some other implementation standards. CSA N286 leaves the determination of requirements and implementation detail to the business that is using the Standard. A few points need to be considered when reading this Commentary. These are, but are not limited to, the following:This Commentary is for a standard that was written from 2009 to 2011. The Commentary makes no attempt to update CSA N286 to reflect any new thinking or concepts that have arisen since its publication in 2012. Any updating, if required, would be the task of the committee charged with maintaining the Standard.Throughout this Commentary, examples are used. These examples are not exhaustive, and for each example provided there are many other examples that could have equally been chosen.This Commentary creates no new requirements or recommendations above those in CSA N286. This Commentary discusses the content of the Standard in an informative context using everyday language for added clarity.This Commentary does not prescribe methods or techniques of implementation. It provides, in limited cases, examples of implementation to explain the Standard. These examples of implementation, if used, should not be taken as the only way that a requirement is to be met nor is it an endorsement of those particular methods and techniques of implementation.As with the Standard, this Commentary will be misinterpreted if it is not read as a whole. The information that a reader is looking for (including valuable context) might not be in the specific section related to the topic of their interest but elsewhere.CSA N286 is an overarching standard that prescribes a management system framework based on principles that can be used in a broad range of applications from the most basic nuclear activity to the risks and complexities of nuclear power generation. As such, the Standard identifies requirements for processes and practices that need to be in place for nuclear businesses to succeed, but avoids prescribing in detail the process and practice methodology recognizing that one size does not fit all. Rather it leaves it up to the top management of the business to determine what their business objectives, requirements, and risk profile is, and to design their management system to achieve their desired outputs within their risk profile.A prerequisite to reading and using this Commentary is that the user read CSA N286 from cover to cover to understand it in its entirety prior to using this Commentary. This Commentary is not the Standard and cannot be used in place of the Standard.It is important to reiterate that this Commentary also reflects the reality that CSA N286 was written ten years prior to the issue of this Commentary. As such, the scope of this Commentary is bound by the scope of CSA N286 and refrains from introducing new concepts and industry developments that have evolved since the publication of CSA N286.This Commentary sets out commentary and guidance on the following:describes why CSA N286 is written the way it is and provides background on its historic development, and the evolution from quality assurance to quality management to integrated management;establishes the context of CSA N286 within nuclear standards and other requirements-generating documents and how CSA N286 provides the overarching controls and cohesiveness;describes some of the key concepts that the Standard is built on and how they apply throughout its application;provides commentary on particular clauses and discusses the use of specific terminology such as control, top management, workers, assessment, etc.;provides commentary on how the Standard can be used to address or supplement activities in other requirements; andreferences other publications that provide guidance on implementation.