虽然累积的能源使用和成本 18项国家初级饮用水法规 重要的是，它远小于能量 通常用于通过管道泵送处理过的水 分配系统。本研究旨在避免 仅确定累计能源使用和成本 从这些规定中，也可以进一步了解 能源使用与环境之间的关系 公用事业运营和维护成本。 作为先进的处理技术——臭氧， 比如紫外线和薄膜-- 越来越多地被纳入新的工厂 以及工厂升级，以及 这些先进技术也必须得到充分利用 纳入其生命周期评估。这个 本文提供的信息将有所帮助 水资源管理者对水资源有了更好的了解 这些能源密集型企业是如何发展的 治疗技术将增加手术量 以及永久性的维护成本。此外 公用事业运营商将更好地了解持续的 需要优化能源使用。包括31个参考文献和表格。

Although the cumulative energy use and costs from the 18 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations is significant, it is much less than the amount of energy typically used for pumping treated water through the distribution system. This study was undertaken to not only determine the cumulative energy use and costs from these regulations, but also to further the understanding of relationships between energy use and utility operation and maintenance costs. As advanced treatment technologies -- ozone, ultraviolet light, and membranes, for example -- are increasingly incorporated into new plants and plant upgrades, the energy required for these advanced technologies must also be incorporated into their lifecycle evaluation. The information presented in this article will help water utility managers gain a better understanding of how these energy-intensive advanced treatment technologies will increase operations and maintenance costs in perpetuity. In addition, utility operators will better understand the continual need to optimize their energy use. Includes 31 references, tables.