在水处理厂中实施紫外线（UV）消毒有许多设计和操作问题。主要问题是应用紫外线剂量的测量。由于反应堆中的滞留时间很短，验证整个反应堆中的紫外线剂量分布是该行业面临的另一个问题。设计问题包括可靠性、冗余性、灯具数量和类型、监控要求、传感器数量、清洗类型及其频率、水质参数的影响以及系统仪表和控制。紫外线灯的辐射是可变的，并且取决于温度、电压和灯龄等多种因素，这一事实使问题变得复杂。 在水处理中，与化学消毒剂不同，使用当前可用的仪器无法可靠地测量所施加的紫外线剂量。紫外线剂量的分布也受到不同灯具配置的反应器内水力流动特性的影响。美国水处理系统（AWS）是美国最大、地理位置最多样化的水服务提供商，拥有并运营着80多家地表水处理厂，每一家厂都有可能应用紫外线技术。因此，启动了一个项目，以评估与紫外线技术现状相关的设计和操作问题。作为该项目的一部分，贾第虫和隐孢子虫以及其他指示微生物的失活动力学正在实验室实验中开发。 一个全尺寸紫外线反应器将运行一年，以确定和开发设计和运行问题的解决方案。使用指示微生物的生物剂量学实验将用于确定在全尺寸反应堆中应用的紫外线剂量。包括14个参考文献、表格和图表。

There are a number of design and operational issues associated with the implementation of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection in water treatment plants. The major issue is the measurement of the applied UV dose. Due to a very short detention time in the reactor, validation of distribution of UV dose in the entire reactor is another issue facing the industry. Design issues consist of reliability, redundancy, number and types of lamps, monitoring requirements, number of sensors, type of cleaning and its frequency, impact of water quality parameters, and system instrumentation and controls. The issues are complicated by the fact that UV lamp radiation is variable and depends on a number of factors such as temperature, voltage and lamp age. In water treatment, unlike chemical disinfectants, applied UV dose cannot be reliably measured with currently available instrumentation. Distribution of UV dose is also impacted by the hydraulic flow characteristics within reactors with different lamp configurations. The American Water System (AWS), the largest and most geographically diverse water service provider in the nation, owns and operates more than 80 surface water treatment plants and each plant is a possible candidate for application of UV technology. Therefore, a project was initiated to evaluate design and operational issues associated with the current state of UV technology. As part of the project, inactivation kinetics of Giardia and Cryptosporidium and other indicator microorganisms are being developed in laboratory experiments. A full-scale UV reactor will be operated for a period of one year to identify and develop solutions to design and operational issues. Biodosimetry experiments using the indicator microorganisms will be used to determine the applied UV dose in the full-scale reactor. Includes 14 references, table, figures.