1.1本规程概述了自备干式贮存γ辐照器应遵循的剂量学程序。对于用于常规加工的辐射器，给出了确保加工产品的吸收剂量在规定限值内的程序。 1.2本规程涵盖使用干式贮存γ辐照器（即独立干式贮存）的剂量测定 137 Cs或 60 Co辐射器（屏蔽独立辐射器）。它不包括水下池源、全景伽马源，也不包括自足韧致辐射X射线装置。 1.3本规程涵盖的干式储存自备γ辐照器的吸收剂量范围通常为1到10 5. Gy，取决于应用。 吸收剂量率范围通常为10 –2 至10 3. Gy/min。 1.4对于为特定应用提供的辐射器，特定ISO/ASTM或ASTM实践和指南提供了该应用的剂量学程序。有关血液辐照剂量测定的具体程序，请参阅ISO/ASTM规程51939。有关食品和农产品辐射研究中剂量测定的具体程序，请参阅ISO/ASTM规程51900。有关辐射硬度测试的具体程序，请参阅ASTM规程E1249。有关无菌释放程序中昆虫辐照剂量测定的具体程序，请参阅ISO/ASTM指南51940。在ISO/ASTM 51939、51900、51940或ASTM E1249涵盖的情况下，以这些标准为准。 1. 5本文件是一套标准之一，提供了在辐射处理中正确实施和使用剂量测定的建议。本标准旨在结合ASTM E2628“辐射处理中剂量测定的实施规程”阅读。 1.6本标准无意解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全和健康实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1当使用相同的辐照参数时，自给式辐照器的设计和操作应确保获得可重复的吸收剂量。进行剂量测定以确定辐照参数与吸收剂量之间的关系。 4.1.1对于大多数应用，吸收剂量表示为对水的吸收剂量（见ISO/ASTM惯例51261）。关于将水的吸收剂量转换为其他材料的吸收剂量，例如硅，见ISO/ASTM实施规程51261的附录A1。 4.2独立干式贮存γ辐照器包含适当屏蔽的放射源，即 137 Cs或 60 释放电离电磁辐射（伽马辐射）的一氧化碳。这些辐射器有一个封闭的、可接近的辐射器样品室，与样品定位系统相连，例如辐射器抽屉、转子或辐射器转盘，作为辐照装置的一部分。 4.3自给式干式存储γ辐照器可用于许多辐射处理应用，包括剂量计的校准辐照； 剂量计影响量的研究；辐射效应研究，以及用于工艺兼容性研究的材料或生物样品的辐照；微生物、植物或体外样品的分批辐照；小动物辐照；电子元件和其他材料的辐射“硬度”测试；以及样品容器的批量辐射处理。 注1:自给式干式存储γ辐射器包含一个密封辐射源，或一组密封辐射源，安全固定在由固体材料制成的干燥容器中。密封辐射源始终处于屏蔽状态，由于辐射器的设计配置（见ANSI/HPS N43），在物理上不可能让人进入正在接受辐照的腔室。 7). 注2-作为参考-标准剂量测定法，吸收剂量和吸收剂量率可以用水或其他材料表示，这些材料具有与被辐照样品或剂量计相似的辐射吸收特性。在某些情况下，可使用电离室进行参考标准剂量测定，并可根据暴露量（C kg）进行校准 –1 )或对空气、水或组织的吸收剂量（Gy）。根据暴露进行的测量适用于空气中的电离，应注意将该测量应用于被辐照的样品。

1.1 This practice outlines dosimetric procedures to be followed with self-contained dry-storage gamma irradiators. For irradiators used for routine processing, procedures are given to ensure that product processed will receive absorbed doses within prescribed limits. 1.2 This practice covers dosimetry in the use of dry-storage gamma irradiators, namely self-contained dry-storage 137 Cs or 60 Co irradiators (shielded freestanding irradiators). It does not cover underwater pool sources, panoramic gamma sources, nor does it cover self-contained bremsstrahlung X-ray units. 1.3 The absorbed-dose range for the use of the dry-storage self-contained gamma irradiators covered by this practice is typically 1 to 10 5 Gy, depending on the application. The absorbed-dose rate range typically is from 10 –2 to 10 3 Gy/min. 1.4 For irradiators supplied for specific applications, specific ISO/ASTM or ASTM practices and guides provide dosimetric procedures for the application. For procedures specific to dosimetry in blood irradiation, see ISO/ASTM Practice 51939. For procedures specific to dosimetry in radiation research on food and agricultural products, see ISO/ASTM Practice 51900. For procedures specific to radiation hardness testing, see ASTM Practice E1249. For procedures specific to the dosimetry in the irradiation of insects for sterile release programs, see ISO/ASTM Guide 51940. In those cases covered by ISO/ASTM 51939, 51900, 51940, or ASTM E1249, those standards take precedence. 1.5 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing and utilizing dosimetry in radiation processing. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ASTM E2628, “Practice for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing”. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 The design and operation of a self-contained irradiator should ensure that reproducible absorbed doses are obtained when the same irradiation parameters are used. Dosimetry is performed to determine the relationship between the irradiation parameters and the absorbed dose. 4.1.1 For most applications, the absorbed dose is expressed as absorbed dose to water (see ISO/ASTM Practice 51261). For conversion of absorbed dose to water to that to other materials, for example, silicon, see Annex A1 of ISO/ASTM Practice 51261. 4.2 Self-contained dry-storage gamma irradiators contain properly shielded radioactive sources, namely 137 Cs or 60 Co, that emit ionizing electromagnetic radiation (gamma radiation). These irradiators have an enclosed, accessible irradiator sample chamber connected with a sample positioning system, for example, irradiator drawer, rotor, or irradiator turntable, as part of the irradiation device. 4.3 Self-contained dry-storage gamma irradiators can be used for many radiation processing applications, including the calibration irradiation of dosimeters; studies of dosimeter influence quantities; radiation effects studies, and irradiation of materials or biological samples for process compatibility studies; batch irradiations of microbiological, botanical, or in-vitro samples; irradiation of small animals; radiation “hardness” testing of electronics components and other materials; and batch radiation processing of containers of samples. NOTE 1—Self-contained dry-storage gamma irradiators contain a sealed radiation source, or an array of sealed radiation sources securely held in a dry container constructed of solid materials. The sealed radiation sources are shielded at all times, and human access to the chamber undergoing irradiation is not physically possible due to the irradiator’s design configuration (see ANSI/HPS N43.7). NOTE 2—For reference–standard dosimetry, the absorbed dose and absorbed-dose rate can be expressed in water or other material which has similar radiation absorption properties to that of the samples or dosimeters being irradiated. In some cases, the reference-standard dosimetry may be performed using ionization chambers, and may be calibrated in terms of exposure (C kg –1 ), or absorbed dose to air, water or tissue (Gy). Measurements performed in terms of exposure apply to ionization in air, and care should be taken to apply that measurement to the sample being irradiated.