为了最大限度地降低处理水中潜在有毒消毒剂和消毒副产品的水平，同时保持对微生物污染的充分保护，必须测量与消毒相关的总风险，并与微生物制剂的风险进行比较。由于在氯化及其副产品方面已经开展了大量工作，建议现在将研究重点放在主要的消毒替代品上，即臭氧氧化、氯胺化、二氧化碳氧化，以及这些选项的最实际组合。主要研究需求是:评估消毒剂及其副产品的相对毒理学危害；以及这些化学物质剂量-反应关系的生物模型的开发。包括20篇参考文献。

In order to minimize the levels of potentially toxic disinfectants and disinfection by-products in treated water while maintaining adequate protection against microbiological contamination, the total risks associated with disinfection have to be measured and compared with the risks from microbial agents. Because much work has already been carried out on chlorination and its by-products, it is recommended that research now focus on major disinfection alternatives, i.e., ozonation, chloramination, carbon dioxidation, and the most practical combinations of these options. The primary research needs are: assessment of the relative toxicological hazards of the disinfectants and their by-products; and development of biologically based models for the dose-response relationships of these chemicals. Includes 20 references.