An Evaluation of the Pall Envirochek (TM) HV Filter for Regulatory Monitoring of Cryptosporidium Species in Drinking Water
Pall Envirochek(TM)HV过滤器用于饮用水中隐孢子虫物种监管监测的评估
The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 1989 in the United Kingdom were amended in 1999 to include the continuous monitoring of drinking water for
Cryptosporidium. The amended Regulations require the presence of less than one
oocyst in 10 litres of drinking water based on a 1,000 litre sample, taken over a 24
hour period. An initial trial to run the EnvirochekTM STD alongside the Genera Filta-
MaxTM proved unsatisfactory. This was because under high headloss pressure the
filter became damaged and the amount of deposit recovered was half that of the Filta-
Max. Pall has now modified the original filter and named this the EnvirochekTM HV.
Filter modification has shown through testing to eliminate filter collapse at both
high differential pressure and changes to flow.
The filter was evaluated using three differing types of treated water: an
upland water; a lowland water; and, a borehole supply. All
three sites were monitored continuously, over a period of 60 days, at a flow rate of
1,000 litres per day. The EnvirochekTM HV was run alongside the Filta-MaxTM on 10
days out of the 60 day period. Filters were seeded with a known quantity of oocysts
daily and where both filters were run alongside each other, the same test conditions
were used. The evaluation included 48 hour sampling at each site and bias testing
where the oocyst concentration used to seed the filters was varied. Negative controls
were run at the same time for both products. Additional data collected included the
flow through the test filter after 24 hours and the measurement of the differential
pressure across the EnvirochekTM filter over the test period. On completion of the
sampling period, the samples were then transported back to the laboratory for
analysis.
Oocysts were eluted from the filters using a standard operating protocol, concentrated
by centrifugation and cleaned from unwanted particulate matter by immunomagnetic
separation. The sample was then spotted onto slides and fixed with methanol, stained
with a monoclonal antibody and then counted.
Includes 19 references, figures.