1.1 本规程包括使用气相色谱法和质谱法分析和比较石油泄漏和可疑来源。 1.2 通过检查某些独特的化合物类别，可以确定泄漏的可能来源，这些化合物类别也证明了最具风化稳定性。在某种程度上，可以预计某些化学类别的化学变化与风化暴露时间和严重程度成比例，并且可以预测随后的分析变化。 本规程建议分析各种类别，并为预期的风化引起的分析变化提供了指南。 1.3 本规程适用于从柴油到燃料C的馏分油范围内中度至严重降解的石油；它也适用于具有类似馏程的所有原油。这种做法对某些煤油的适用性可能有限，但对汽油无效。 1.4 以国际单位制表示的数值应视为标准值。 本标准不包括其他计量单位。 1.5 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的用户有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.6 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 4.1 这种做法有助于评估漏油的来源。其他较不复杂的分析程序（试验方法 D3328 , D3414 , D3650 和 D5037 )可提供确定漏油源的所有必要信息；然而，在某些困难的情况下，可能需要使用更复杂的分析策略，尤其是对于严重风化的油。这种做法为用户提供了达到这一目的的方法。 4.1.1 这种做法假设已经使用不太密集的技术对可能的可疑来源进行了“筛选”。因此，本实践直接关注使用预选的目标复合类生成数据。这些目标物既有生油的，也有生火的，可以构成石油的主要馏分和次要馏分；选择它们是为了开发一种普遍适用于石油识别的实践，并且易于处理和应用。 这种做法一方面可以适应轻质油和裂化产品（不包括汽油），另一方面也可以适应残余油。 4.1.2 本规程提供了石油的分析特性，以便于比较。在这种定性比较中，某些类别的源特定化合物是有针对性的；这些目标化合物既是油的独特描述符，也是耐环境降解的化学物质。通过对特定提取离子色谱图（EIC）的直接目视比较，可以通过这种方式评估溢出的油与潜在源样本相似或不同。 此外，还可以检查其他对风化更敏感的化合物类别，以便粗略评估漏油样本的风化程度。 4.2 这种做法只是提供了一种在石油样品之间进行定性比较的方法；各种化学成分的定量没有得到解决。

1.1 This practice covers the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to analyze and compare petroleum oil spills and suspected sources. 1.2 The probable source for a spill can be ascertained by the examination of certain unique compound classes that also demonstrate the most weathering stability. To a greater or lesser degree, certain chemical classes can be anticipated to chemically alter in proportion to the weathering exposure time and severity, and subsequent analytical changes can be predicted. This practice recommends various classes to be analyzed and also provides a guide to expected weathering-induced analytical changes. 1.3 This practice is applicable for moderately to severely degraded petroleum oils in the distillate range from diesel through Bunker C; it is also applicable for all crude oils with comparable distillation ranges. This practice may have limited applicability for some kerosenes, but it is not useful for gasolines. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 4.1 This practice is useful for assessing the source for an oil spill. Other less complex analytical procedures (Test Methods D3328 , D3414 , D3650 , and D5037 ) may provide all of the necessary information for ascertaining an oil spill source; however, the use of a more complex analytical strategy may be necessary in certain difficult cases, particularly for significantly weathered oils. This practice provides the user with a means to this end. 4.1.1 This practice presumes that a “screening” of possible suspect sources has already occurred using less intensive techniques. As a result, this practice focuses directly on the generation of data using preselected targeted compound classes. These targets are both petrogenic and pyrogenic and can constitute both major and minor fractions of petroleum oils; they were chosen in order to develop a practice that is universally applicable to petroleum oil identification in general and is also easy to handle and apply. This practice can accommodate light oils and cracked products (exclusive of gasoline) on the one hand, as well as residual oils on the other. 4.1.2 This practice provides analytical characterizations of petroleum oils for comparison purposes. Certain classes of source-specific chemical compounds are targeted in this qualitative comparison; these target compounds are both unique descriptors of an oil and chemically resistant to environmental degradation. Spilled oil can be assessed in this way as being similar or different from potential source samples by the direct visual comparison of specific extracted ion chromatograms (EICs). In addition, other, more weathering-sensitive chemical compound classes can also be examined in order to crudely assess the degree of weathering undergone by an oil spill sample. 4.2 This practice simply provides a means of making qualitative comparisons between petroleum samples; quantitation of the various chemical components is not addressed.