本研究的两个目标是:在实验室规模的消毒实验中，使用定量RT-PCR进行病毒检测，以确定游离氯、二氧化氯和臭氧对诺沃克病毒的减少作用；并将NV降低与另外两种重要的健康相关病毒，即脊髓灰质炎病毒1型（PV1）和大肠杆菌噬菌体MS2进行比较。诺沃克病毒无法在任何已知的实验室宿主中生长或检测其传染性，因此RT-PCR是目前唯一敏感和特异的检测系统。然而，RT-PCR可能无法可靠地量化病毒的传染性，因为灭活病毒的RNA可能会被扩增。因此，本研究还包括另外两种肠道病毒，即脊髓灰质炎病毒1（PV1）和大肠杆菌噬菌体MS2，以比较这些病毒的RT-PCR检测数据和感染性检测数据，并确定它们是否提供了同等的信息。 此外，这两种病毒已被广泛用作消毒效率的指示病毒。

The two objectives of this study were: to determine Norwalk virus reduction by free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone in bench-scale disinfection experiments using quantitative RT-PCR for virus assays; and, to compare NV reductions to those of two other important health-related viruses, poliovirus type 1 (PV1) and coliphage MS2. Norwalk virus cannot be grown or assayed for infectivity in any known laboratory host, and therefore RT-PCR is the only sensitive and specific assay system available now. However, RT-PCR may not reliably quantify virus infectivity because the RNA of inactivated viruses may be amplified. Therefore, two other enteric viruses, poliovirus 1 (PV1) and coliphage MS2, were included in this study to compare RT-PCR assay data to infectivity assay data for those viruses and determine if they provide equivalent information. Also, these two viruses have been widely used as indicator viruses for disinfection efficiency.