1.1 本指南描述了选择、评估和培训人类视觉感官观察者的标准和测试，这些观察者的任务涉及感知和缩放与外观有关的特性和现象。 1.2 需要使用经过培训的观察员的测试示例包括但不限于以下ASTM标准中所述的测试:关于颜色，实践 1535美元 和实践 360欧元 ；关于色差，实践 729美元 和试验方法 616年2月 ；光泽试验方法 4449天 ；论同色异谱，实践 第4086页 ；以及关于设置公差，实践 D3134 。 1.3 本标准并非旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.4 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 5.1 术语 外貌 （参见 3.2.1 )意味着人类视觉观察的本质存在。视觉观察的结果不仅涉及眼睛完成的观察步骤，还涉及大脑中不可分割的解释步骤。仪器测试方法目前无法复制第二步，因此现在只能近似但不能完全测量外观。这种外观特性的仪器测量只有在它们可以与被评估的外观现象的观察者的视觉观察结果相关的程度上才有用。 5.2 几乎无一例外，很少注意确保正确获得基本的视觉观察结果，为相关的视觉和仪器测试结果提供基础。 5.3 本指南通过概述观察员的选择、评估和培训的要求和测试，提供了评估观察员的方法。本指南应适用于所有设计或使用视觉测试方法的实验者，以提供外观特性观察方面的直接结果，或将这些结果与近似相同外观特性的仪器测量相关联的实验。 提醒用户避免用任何类型的复制品（打印、拍照或数字显示）代替经过验证的视力测试。

1.1 This guide describes criteria and tests for selecting, evaluating, and training human visual-sensory observers for tasks involving the perception and scaling of properties and phenomena relating to appearance. 1.2 Examples of tests requiring the use of trained observers include but are not limited to those described in the following ASTM standards: on color, Practice D1535 and Practice E1360 ; on color difference, Practice D1729 and Test Method D2616 ; on gloss, Test Method D4449 ; on metamerism, Practice D4086 ; and on setting tolerances, Practice D3134 . 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 5.1 The term appearance (see 3.2.1 ) implies the essential presence of human visual observations. The results of visual observation involve not only the step of observing, accomplished by the eye, but also the inseparable step of interpretation in the brain. Instrumental test methods currently cannot duplicate this second step, and therefore can now only approximate, but not fully measure, appearance. Such instrumental measures of appearance properties are useful only to the extent that they can be correlated to the results of visual observations by observers of the appearance phenomena being evaluated. 5.2 Almost invariably, too little attention has been paid to ensuring that the essential visual observations have been properly obtained to provide the basis for correlating visual and instrumental test results. 5.3 This guide provides the means for assessing observers, by outlining the requirements and tests for their selection, evaluation, and training. This guide should be useful to all experimenters designing or using visual test methods to provide either direct results in terms of the observation of appearance properties, or the experiments correlating such results with instrumental measures approximating the same appearance properties. The user is cautioned to avoid the substitution of validated vision tests with replicas of any kind, either printed, photographed or digitally displayed.