1.1 本指南涵盖了确定使用分散剂对石油泄漏的净环境效益时的注意事项。本指南适用于地表和地下应用。本指南旨在最大限度地减少石油泄漏对环境和社会经济的影响。 1.2 净环境效益分析（NEBA）应作为漏油应急计划的一部分进行。 1.3 有许多方法可以控制、清理或处理石油泄漏。分散剂应与其他泄漏响应方案同等考虑。 1.4 此处仅提供一般指导。就本指南而言，假设原油或燃料油在一定程度上是可分散的。 分散剂也被认为是相对有效的，应用正确，并符合相关的政府法规。本指南不考虑商业分散剂之间或不同油之间的差异。 1.5 本指南仅适用于海洋和河口环境。 1.6 在做出分散剂使用决定时，应根据法律要求咨询相关政府部门。 1.7 本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前制定适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。 1.8 本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。 ====意义和用途====== 2.1 净环境效益分析（NEBA）应用于石油泄漏响应，是考虑不同泄漏响应选项（包括无响应）的优缺点，以得出泄漏响应决策的过程，从而产生最低的总体环境和社会经济影响。 2.2 泄漏响应可能涉及一些响应选项的组合。 没有完全有效或无风险的应对方法。NEBA应与适当的监管机构和其他组织一起进行，作为泄漏应急计划的一部分。NEBA对于泄漏前规划非常重要，因为一些应对方案的机会窗口有限。

1.1 This guide covers considerations in determining net environmental benefit of dispersant use on oil spills. This guide is applicable to both surface and sub-surface application. The purpose of this guide is to minimize environmental and socioeconomic impacts of oil spills. 1.2 Net environmental benefit analysis (NEBA) should be conducted as part of oil spill contingency planning. 1.3 There are many methods to control, cleanup or treat oil spills. Dispersants should be given equal consideration with other spill response options. 1.4 Only general guidance is provided here. For the purposes of this guide, it is assumed that the crude or fuel oil is dispersible to some extent. The dispersant is also assumed to be relatively effective, applied correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. Differences between commercial dispersants or between different oils are not considered in this guide. 1.5 This guide applies to marine and estuarine environments only. 1.6 When making dispersant use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. ====== Significance And Use ====== 2.1 Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) applied to oil spill response is the process of considering advantages and disadvantages of different spill response options (including no response) to arrive at a spill response decision resulting in the lowest overall environmental and socioeconomic impacts. 2.2 Spill response will likely involve some combination of response options. There are no response methods that are completely effective or risk-free. NEBA should be conducted with appropriate regulatory agencies and other organizations as part of spill contingency planning. NEBA is important for pre-spill planning since some response options have a limited window of opportunity.